Comparative Study: Impacts of Ca and Mg Salts on Iron Oxygen Carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion of Biomass.

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is one of the most promising methods for carbon capture and storage (CCS). An oxygen carrier, i.e.

Comprehensive treatments of tungsten slags in China: A critical review.

As a critical and strategic metal, tungsten is widely used in the fields of machinery, mining and military industry. With most of the tungsten resources reserves in the world, China is the largest producer and exporter of tungsten. This has resulted in the generation of a huge amount of tungsten slag (slag) stored in China.

Incineration of EV Lithium-ion batteries as a pretreatment for recycling - Determination of the potential formation of hazardous by-products and effects on metal compounds.

In several industrial Lithium-ion batteries recycling processes, a thermal treatment with oxidative atmosphere is used to separate the battery components and to remove the organic components. This method is often combined with hydrometallurgical processes with the aim to increase the metal recovery rate or to improve the efficiency of the existing processes. Despite such efforts, the effects of a thermal treatment in an oxidative atmosphere on the microstructure and composition on cathode and anode materials has not been explored.

Controlling the Composition and Magnetic Properties of Nano-SrFeO Powder Synthesized from Oily Cold Mill Sludge by the Citrate Precursor Method.

This paper proposes a new method for producing nano-SrFeO powder by the citrate precursor route using solid waste as a source of iron. This solid iron-containing waste, which exists in the form of an oily sludge, is produced by a cold rolling mill. This sludge was first subjected to a process, including sulfuric acid leaching, oxidation, precipitation, and nitric acid leaching, to obtain an iron nitrate (Fe(NO)) solution.

Recovery of industrial valuable metals from household battery waste.

The modern community is dependent on electronic devices such as remote controls, alarm clocks, electric shavers, phones and computers, all of which are powered by household batteries. Alkaline, zinc-carbon (Zn-C), nickel metal hydride, lithium and lithium-ion batteries are the most common types of household energy storage technologies in the primary and secondary battery markets. Primary batteries, especially alkaline and Zn-C batteries, are the main constituents of the collected spent battery stream due to their short lifetimes.

Source analysis of municipal solid waste in a mega-city (Guangzhou): Challenges or opportunities?

Rapid economic development accelerates the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), and thereby calls for an effective and reliable waste management strategy. In the present work, we systematically investigated the status of MSW management in a mega-city of China (Guangzhou). The data were collected from literatures, government statistics and field sampling work.

Assessment of copper and zinc recovery from MSWI fly ash in Guangzhou based on a hydrometallurgical process.

Fly ash commonly accumulates a significant amount of heavy metals and most of these heavy metals are toxic and easily leached out to the environment, posing risks to human health. Thus, fly ash has been classified as a type of hazardous waste and requires proper treatment before disposal in specific landfill sites for hazardous waste. In this study, a hydrometallurgical process developed to recover copper and zinc performed in pilot scale close to industrial scale followed by a landfill compliance leaching test of the ash residue is evaluated.

Crystal structure and identification of resonance forms of diethyl 2-(3-oxoiso-1,3-di-hydro-benzo-furan-1-yl-idene)malonate.

The reaction of diethyl malonate with phthaloyl chloride in aceto-nitrile in the presence of tri-ethyl-amine and magnesium chloride results in the formation of the title compound, diethyl 2-(3-oxo-1,3-di-hydro-2-benzo-furan-1-yl-idene)propane-dioate, CHO. One of the ester groups of the diethyl malonate fragment is almost coplanar with the isobenzo-furan unit, while the plane of the other group is perpendicular to it [dihedral angles = 5.45 (3) and 83.

Recovery of phosphorous from industrial waste water by oxidation and precipitation.

This paper describes the development of a method for recovery of phosphorous from one of the waste waters at an Akzo Nobel chemical plant in Ale close to Göteborg. It was found that it is possible to transform the phosphorous in the waste water to a saleable product, i.e.

Production of zinc and manganese oxide particles by pyrolysis of alkaline and Zn-C battery waste.

Production of zinc and manganese oxide particles from alkaline and zinc-carbon battery black mass was studied by a pyrolysis process at 850-950°C with various residence times under 1L/minN2(g) flow rate conditions without using any additive. The particular and chemical properties of the battery waste were characterized to investigate the possible reactions and effects on the properties of the reaction products. The thermodynamics of the pyrolysis process were studied using the HSC Chemistry 5.

Leaching optimization of municipal solid waste incineration ash for resource recovery: A case study of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd.

Ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) may be quite cumbersome to handle. Some ash fractions contain organic pollutants, such as dioxins, as well as toxic metals. Additionally, some of the metals have a high value and are considered as critical to the industry.

Investigations into Recycling Zinc from Used Metal Oxide Varistors via pH Selective Leaching: Characterization, Leaching, and Residue Analysis.

Metal oxide varistors (MOVs) are a type of resistor with significantly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics commonly used in power lines to protect against overvoltages. If a proper recycling plan is developed MOVs can be an excellent source of secondary zinc because they contain over 90 weight percent zinc oxide. The oxides of antimony, bismuth, and to a lesser degree cobalt, manganese, and nickel are also present in varistors.

Investigation of an Electrochemical Method for Separation of Copper, Indium, and Gallium from Pretreated CIGS Solar Cell Waste Materials.

Recycling of the semiconductor material copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) is important to ensure a future supply of indium and gallium, which are relatively rare and therefore expensive elements. As a continuation of our previous work, where we recycled high purity selenium from CIGS waste materials, we now show that copper and indium can be recycled by electrodeposition from hydrochloric acid solutions of dissolved selenium-depleted material. Suitable potentials for the reduction of copper and indium were determined to be -0.

Solvent extraction separation of copper and zinc from MSWI fly ash leachates.

Fly ash from combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) contains significant amounts of metals, some of which are valuable and some of which are potentially toxic. This type of ash is most often stabilized and landfilled which means that the metals will be difficult to reclaim at a later stage. In recent years efforts have been made to develop feasible methods to recover selected metals, such as Zn, from MSW fly ash.

Leaching for recovery of copper from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: influence of ash properties and metal speciation.

Recovery of metals occurring in significant amounts in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, such as copper, could offer several advantages: a decreased amount of potentially mobile metal compounds going to landfill, saving of natural resources and a monetary value. A combination of leaching and solvent extraction may constitute a feasible recovery path for metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. However, it has been shown that the initial dissolution and leaching is a limiting step in such a recovery process.

Initial studies of the recovery of Cu from MSWI fly ash leachates using solvent extraction.

Large volumes of ash from combustion of municipal solid waste are produced and most of it is landfilled. As this type of ash contains significant amounts of metal compounds the landfilling strategy is not optimal when considered from a resource conservation perspective. A better situation would be created if metals were recovered from the ash.

Removal of hazardous metals from MSW fly ash--an evaluation of ash leaching methods.

Incineration is a commonly applied management method for municipal solid waste (MSW). However, significant amounts of potentially hazardous metal species are present in the resulting ash, and these may be leached into the environment. A common idea for cleaning the ash is to use enhanced leaching with strong mineral acids.

Alternative materials for adsorption of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated leachates.

In the present work, waste products from forest industries (sawdust, pine bark and fibre sludge ash), as well as some biological materials (peat, shrimp shells and seaweed), have been investigated with respect to their capacities to adsorb metals and hydrocarbons from contaminated waters. Batch and column experiments were carried out with artificial metal ion solutions and contaminated leachates from an industrial landfill. The fibre sludge ash and the Sphagnum peat showed the highest sorption capacities for metals among the materials studied in batch experiments with single-metal solutions.

Adsorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn on Sphagnum peat from solutions with low metal concentrations.

This work investigates adsorption of metal ions on Sphagnum peat from solutions with environmentally relevant concentrations of metals. The peat moss is intended as an alternative, low-cost filter material for contaminated waters. Adsorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was studied in batch tests, and adsorption isotherms were determined.

Determination of the Cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste and biomass single fly ash particles using SR-microXRF spectroscopy.

By using an excitation energy of 27.0 keV, synchrotron radiation-induced micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR-microXRF) is employed to extract information regarding the composition and distribution of Cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste (MSW) and biomass fly ashes. Significance of observation is based on statistics of totally more than 100 individual MSW and biomass fly ash particles from a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant.

Evaluating two test methods used for characterizing leaching properties.

A standard leaching test method (EN 12457-3) was compared with a modified pHstat-column leaching test method with respect to leaching information obtained for aggregates composed of different alkaline solid wastes. In addition to a different experimental set-up, the major dissimilarity between the two test methods was the chemical equilibrium condition, i.e.

Microextended X-ray absorption fine structure studies of cadmium speciation within single municipal solid waste fly ash particles.

The local chemical structure of trace amounts of cadmium within microvolumes of highly inhomogeneous municipal solid waste fly ash particles was successfully monitored by means of micro-EXAFS. A new quantification procedure was developed for the evaluation of the micro-EXAFS data sets obtained from each individual particle based on a reverse Monte Carlo simulation. Evidence has been presented for the existence of cadmium silicate and cadmium chloride, with the cadmium silicate being the dominant form, and it has been demonstrated that the cadmium exists in both crystalline and amorphous states within the microspots analyzed.

X-ray fluorescence tomography of individual municipal solid waste and biomass fly ash particles.

Information about Cd distribution inside single municipal solid waste and biomass fly ash particles is fundamental since it affects its leachability. The internal 2D distributions of the main and trace elements in such highly inhomogeneous matrixes were successfully determined by means of the combined synchrotron radiation induced micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-SRXRF) and tomography (micro-SRXRFT) techniques. Scanning micro-SRXRF measurements show Cd elemental distribution within single fly ash particles to be inhomogeneous, but no information can be obtained about its internal distribution.

Release of salts from municipal solid waste combustion residues.

Residues from fluidized bed combustion of municipal solid waste were investigated with respect to their leaching behavior and possible extraction of salts. The total water extractable amounts of Na, K, Ca, Cl(-), Br(-), F(-) and SO(4)(2-) along with the total dissolved solids of bottom, hopper, cyclone and bag house filter ashes were determined. A simple multistage washing process (using water as the extraction medium) was tested in lab scale experiments.