Expression of Sex Hormone Receptor and Immune Response Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells During the Menstrual Cycle.

Sex hormones are known to interact with the immune system on multiple levels but information on the types of sex hormone receptors (SHR) and their expression levels in immune cells is scarce. Estrogen, testosterone and progesterone are all considered to interact with the immune system through their respective cell receptors (ERα and ERβ including the splice variant ERβ2, AR and PGR). In this study expression levels of SHR genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cell subsets (CD4 and CD8 T-cells, CD56 NK-cells, CD14 monocytes and CD19 B-cells) were analyzed using standard manual qPCR or a qPCR array (TLDA).

Corrigendum to "Blood hormones and torque teno virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells" [Heliyon 6 (11) (2020) e05535].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Blood hormones and torque teno virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Men and women respond differently to infectious diseases. Women show less morbidity and mortality, partially due to the differences in sex hormone levels which can influence the immune response. Torque teno virus (TTV) is non-pathogenic and ubiquitously present in serum from a large proportion (up to 90%) of adult humans with virus levels correlating with the status of the host immune response.

Hyaluronan-binding protein 2 (HABP2) gene variation in women with recurrent miscarriage.

Background: Idiopathic recurrent miscarriage, defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages, is a distressing early pregnancy complication. Although, the etiology of recurrent miscarriage is still unknown, an aberrant regulation of the endometrial receptivity marker hyaluronan-binding protein 2 (HABP2) has been suggested. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of genetic variations of HABP2 in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage compared to fertile women.

Incidence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroidism in Early Pregnancy.

Background: Untreated and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been associated with adverse pregnancy complications such as increased risk of miscarriage, hypertension, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. However, in Sweden, screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is only recommended for women with a high risk of thyroid disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of clinical and SCH in women in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Does menopausal hormone therapy reduce myocardial infarction risk if initiated early after menopause? A population-based case-control study.

Objective: This study aims to assess whether the timing of menopausal hormone therapy initiation in relation to onset of menopause and hormone therapy duration is associated with myocardial infarction risk.

Methods: This study was based on the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program, a population-based case-control study including 347 postmenopausal women who had experienced a nonfatal myocardial infarction and 499 female control individuals matched for age and residential area. Odds ratios (with 95% CIs) for myocardial infarction were calculated using logistic regression.

Association between trefoil factor 3 gene variants and idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) gene is an inflammatory mediator expressed in human endometrium during the window of implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genetic association of TFF3 variants in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (n = 164) and healthy pregnant women (n = 143) were genotyped for five TFF3 polymorphisms (rs225439 G/A, rs533093 C/T, rs225361 A/G, rs11701143 T/C and rs77436142 G/C).

The histidine-rich glycoprotein A1042G polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage: a pilot study.

Background: Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) has previously been shown to have an impact on implantation and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is an association between the HRG A1042G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and recurrent miscarriage.

Methods: The study was designed as a case-control study and the women were included at University Hospitals in Sweden.

Long-term follow-up of bone density, general and reproductive health in female survivors after treatment for haematological malignancies.

The purpose of this study was to assess the ovarian function, fertility and bone mineral density in women who previously had treatment for different haematological malignancies (HMs). The overall survival and cure rates of patients with HMs have improved dramatically. The treatment affects fertility and bone density.

Predictive value of hormonal parameters for live birth in women with unexplained infertility and male infertility.

Background: Infertile women might get pregnant sometime after fertility treatment, but today, there is no prediction model on who will eventually have children. The objective of the present study was to characterize hormone levels in an arbitrary menstrual cycle in women with unexplained infertility and male infertility, and to determine the predictive value for long-term possibility of live birth.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, with 71 infertile women with diagnosis unexplained infertility and male infertility, blood samples were obtained during the proliferative and secretory phases of an arbitrary menstrual cycle.

Histidine-rich glycoprotein gene polymorphism in patients with recurrent miscarriage.

Association between the histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) C633T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and recurrent miscarriage was investigated in a case-control study. The cases constituted 187 women with recurrent miscarriage that were compared with 395 controls who had delivered a child and had no history of miscarriage. Blood samples were collected from each woman, genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped for the HRG C633T SNP.

Effects of short-term estradiol and norethindrone acetate treatment on the breasts of normal postmenopausal women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate among postmenopausal women the effects of a 3-month treatment with estradiol (E2) alone or in combination with norethindrone acetate (NA) on expression of hormone receptors and proliferation in the breast as well as on lipids and climacteric symptoms.

Methods: Sixty healthy postmenopausal women were computer-randomized into two groups, with one group receiving 1 mg of E2 and the other group receiving 1 mg of E2 and 0.5 mg of NA daily for 12 weeks.

Tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitors TFPI and TFPI2 in human secretory endometrium--possible link to female infertility.

The aim of this study was to investigate tissue factor (TF) and its inhibitors TFPI and TFPI2 in secretory endometrium of fertile women and in women with unexplained infertility in relation to endometrial receptivity. In addition, common variation in the regulatory area of TF and TFPI genes was studied. Immunostaining of TF and TFPI, together with the appearance of pinopodes, revealed similar expression pattern in fertile endometrium throughout the secretory phase, being highest at the time of implantation.

Reducing vasomotor symptoms with acupuncture in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen: a randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate true acupuncture to control acupuncture (CTRL) (non-insertive stimulation at non-acupuncture points) in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen suffering from hot flushes and sweatings. Eighty-four patients were randomized to receive either true acupuncture or CTRL twice a week for 5 weeks. Seventy-four patients were treated according to the protocol.

Low calcitonin receptor like receptor expression in endometrial vessels from women with unexplained infertility.

Adrenomedullin (AM) and its receptor subunit, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) are known to be important for endothelial function. The genotypes and phenotypes of AM and CLR in the endometrium were studied in relation to unexplained infertility. Endometrial biopsies from 12 fertile and 11 infertile women and blood samples from 156 fertile and 106 infertile women were collected.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and thyroid hormone receptors are involved in human endometrial physiology.

Objective: To study the expression, distribution, and function of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and thyroid hormone receptors (TR) α1, α2, and β1 in human endometrium.

Design: Experimental clinical study.

Setting: University hospital.

Luteal phase progesterone increases live birth rate after frozen embryo transfer.

Objective: To see if progesterone support has a beneficial effect on live birth rate after frozen embryo transfer in natural cycles.

Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Setting: University-based hospital.

Adrenomedullin and its receptor, calcitonin receptor-like receptor, are aberrantly expressed in women with idiopathic menorrhagia.

The human endometrium undergoes a unique process of benign angiogenesis under the control of ovarian steroids during reproductive life. Aberrant angiogenesis has been implicated in idiopathic menorrhagia, a common gynaecological complaint. One of the key factors involved in endometrial angiogenesis is adrenomedullin (AM), a multifunctional 52-amino acid peptide.

Disturbances in the LIF pathway in the endometrium among women with unexplained infertility.

Objective: To study the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), its receptors LIFR and gp130, and its inhibitor SOCS1 in endometria from fertile women and infertile women with unexplained infertility. Signaling through the LIF pathway is involved in maintenance of a receptive state of human endometrium. Impaired endometrial receptivity may be a cause of female infertility.

HB-EGF but not amphiregulin or their receptors HER1 and HER4 is altered in endometrium of women with unexplained infertility.

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and its receptors (HER1 and HER4) play a role in the human implantation process. Amphiregulin is a member of the EGF family but with unknown function in human fertility. It has been suggested that some women with unexplained infertility have defective endometrial development.

Effects in postmenopausal women of estradiol and medroxyprogesterone alone and combined on resistance artery function and endothelial morphology and movement.

Context: Endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries after menopause is important for the development of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: Our objectives were to study the effects of different hormone replacement therapies on the function and morphology of isolated resistance arteries, and to look for their mechanistic basis.

Design And Setting: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study in a University hospital, along with laboratory based studies.

Training or EPT in perimenopause on balance and flushes.

With advancing age, the postural balance function deteriorates as a consequence of decreased functional capacity. Deteriorating balance is a risk factor for bone fractures due to increased risks of falls. It has been suggested that the loss of estrogen, which occurs in relation to the menopause, may be associated with loss of balance.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is common in postmenopausal women with forearm fracture and low bone mineral density.

Objective: The most common etiologies of osteoporosis in women are estrogen deficiency and, later on in life, the functional changes caused by aging. There are, however, numerous causes of secondary bone loss. Little is known about the prevalence of concomitant disease in women with distal forearm fracture, which is the most common of the classical osteoporotic fractures.

Effects of tibolone and continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate on the endometrium and vaginal bleeding: results of the OPAL study.

Objectives: The primary objective of the Osteoporosis Prevention and Arterial effects of tiboLone study was to compare the effect of tibolone and placebo on the progression of the common carotid artery intima-medial thickness; the common carotid artery intima-medial thickness and bone data will be presented elsewhere. A secondary objective was to assess the effects of tibolone (2.5 mg), continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate [0.