Secular trends in infant feeding practices during the first year of life in Norway: findings from 1998 to 2019 - the Spedkost surveys.

The aims of the present study were to assess secular trends in breast-feeding and to explore associations between age at introduction of solid foods and breast-feeding duration. Data from three national dietary surveys in Norway were used, including infants born in 1998 (Spedkost 1, 1537), 2006 (Spedkost 2, 1490) and 2018 (Spedkost 3, 1831). In all surveys, around 80 % of the infants were breastfed at 6 months of age.

The contribution of breastfeeding to a healthy, secure and sustainable food system for infants and young children: monitoring mothers' milk production in the food surveillance system of Norway.

Objective: The mother-child breastfeeding dyad is a powerful force for achieving healthy, secure and sustainable food systems. However, food system reports exclude breastfeeding and mother's milk. To help correct this omission and give breastfeeding women greater visibility in food systems dialogue and action, we illustrate how to estimate mother's milk production and incorporate this into food surveillance systems, drawing on the pioneering experience of Norway to show the potential value of such analysis.

High sugar content of European commercial baby foods and proposed updates to existing recommendations.

The aim was to determine whether commercial baby foods marketed within Europe (up to 36 months of age) have inappropriate formulation and high sugar content and to provide suggestions to update European regulations and recommendations as part of a nutrient profile model developed for this age group. The latter was produced following recommended World Health Organization (WHO) steps, including undertaking a rapid literature review. Packaging information from countries across the WHO European region was used to determine mean energy from total sugar by food category.

Protein intake from 0 to 18 years of age and its relation to health: a systematic literature review for the 5th Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.

The present systematic literature review is a part of the 5th revision of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. The aim was to assess the health effects of different levels of protein intake in infancy and childhood in a Nordic setting. The initial literature search resulted in 435 abstracts, and 219 papers were identified as potentially relevant.

Breastfeeding, introduction of other foods and effects on health: a systematic literature review for the 5th Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.

The present systematic literature review is part of the 5th revision of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. The overall aim was to review recent scientific data valid in a Nordic setting on the short- and long-term health effects of breastfeeding (duration of both any and exclusive breastfeeding) and introduction of foods other than breast milk. The initial literature search resulted in 2,011 abstracts; 416 identified as potentially relevant.

Dietary patterns among Norwegian 2-year-olds in 1999 and in 2007 and associations with child and parent characteristics.

Infant and childhood nutrition influences short- and long-term health. The objective of the present paper has been to explore dietary patterns and their associations with child and parent characteristics at two time points. Parents of Norwegian 2-year-olds were, in 1999 (n 3000) and in 2007 (n 2984), invited to participate in a national dietary survey.

Factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding and breast-feeding in Norway.

Objective: To identify factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding and breast-feeding during the first year of life among Norwegian infants.

Design: Data on breast-feeding practices were collected by a semi-quantitative FFQ.

Setting: In 2006-2007 about 3000 infants were invited to participate in a population-based prospective cohort study in Norway.

Changes in knowledge and attitudes of folate, and use of dietary supplements among women of reproductive age in Norway 1998-2000.

Aims: From March 1998, Norwegian nutrition authorities have recommended that women consume a folic acid supplement before and early in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. The authors wished to establish Norwegian data on knowledge of, use of, and attitudes to folic acid supplement and dietary supplements before and after implementing national information campaigns on folate and pregnancy.

Methods: Telephone surveys were carried out in late 1998 and in late 2000 among, respectively, 1,146 and 1,218 Norwegian women of reproductive age.

Breast-feeding at 12 months of age and dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants.

Objective: To analyse factors associated with breast-feeding and use of sweetened drinks at 12 months, and to compare dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants.

Design: Data were collected by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire filled in by the parents.

Setting: National dietary survey in Norway.