Building a Physician-Scientist Pathway for Underrepresented Medical Students Through a Summer Research Experience.

Problem: There is a need to increase the number of physician-scientists from underrepresented in medicine (URiM) groups. To engage URiM medical students, a committee of pediatric departmental leaders at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia created the Summer Underrepresented in Medicine Medical Student Research program. This 8-week, onsite research and clinical experience takes place during the summer between students' first and second years of medical school.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema rates after modern axillary treatments: How accurate are our estimates?

Background: Clinical trials have demonstrated methods to minimize the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema while preserving regional control. We sought to determine the percent lifetime-risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema that surgeons and radiation oncologists discuss with patients before axillary interventions.

Methods: A nationwide survey of surgeons and radiation oncologists was performed from July to August 2020.

A National Survey of Breast Surgeons and Radiation Oncologists on Contemporary Axillary Management in Mastectomy Patients.

Background: Management of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer has undergone significant change over the past decade through landmark clinical trials. This study aimed to assess national practice patterns in axillary management in patients undergoing upfront mastectomy and examines what guides provider recommendations.

Methods: A national case-based survey study was performed of surgeons and radiation oncologists from July to August 2020.

The Adult Murine Intestine is Dependent on Constitutive Laminin-γ1 Synthesis.

Laminin-γ1 is required for early embryonic development; however, the need for laminin-γ1 synthesis in adulthood is unknown. A global and inducible mouse model of laminin-γ1 deficiency was generated to address this question. Genetic ablation of the Lamc1 gene in adult mice was rapidly lethal.

Role of thrombomodulin expression on hematopoietic stem cells.

Background: Activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) by either thrombin or activated protein C (aPC) differentially regulate the quiescence and bone marrow (BM) retention of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Murine HSC co-express THBD, PAR1, and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), suggesting that HSC sustain quiescence in a quasi-cell autonomous manner due to the binding of thrombin present in the microenvironment to THBD, activation of EPCR-bound protein C by the thrombin-THBD-complex, and subsequent activation of PAR1 by the aPC-EPCR complex.

Objective: To determine the role of THBD expression on HSC for sustaining stem cell quiescence and BM retention under homeostatic conditions.