The association between animal protein, plant protein, and their substitution with bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.

Purpose: Although total dietary protein intake has been associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk, the effect of the origin (plant or animal) and the substitutions remain to be understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total dietary protein, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and their substitutions with each other on the risk of BC using a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.

Methods: The study was conducted within the "BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants" (BLEND) study, including 10 prospective cohort studies from several European countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The use of nutrigenomics and nutritional biomarkers with standard care of long-term recurrent metastatic rectal cancer: a case report.

Introduction: Distant metastases following standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) are typically associated with poor disease-free survival. We report on a 52-year-old Australian male of Dutch ancestry with no family history of colorectal cancer or significant medical history who experienced bleeding per rectum for several months prior to a colonoscopy in July 2010. He was subsequently diagnosed with Stage IIb LARC.

E-cigarette market share by nicotine claims.

Background: Nicotine forms (salt vs. freebase) and isomers (synthetic vs. tobacco-derived) are key characteristics of e-cigarettes that manufacturers manipulate, and "tobacco-free" claims may have served to attract new consumers and increase their intention to use.

Toxicity of waterpipe tobacco smoking: the role of flavors, sweeteners, humectants, and charcoal.

Waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smoking is a public health concern, particularly among youth and young adults. The global spread of WPT use has surged because the introduction of pre-packaged flavored and sweetened WPT, which is widely marketed as a safer tobacco alternative. Besides flavorants and sugars, WPT additives include humectants, which enhance the moisture and sweetness of WPT, act as solvents for flavors, and impart smoothness to the smoke, thus increasing appeal to users.

Universal smoking machine adaptor for tobacco product testing.

Significance: Historically, tobacco product emissions testing using smoking machines has largely focused on combustible products, such as cigarettes and cigars. However, the popularity of newer products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), has complicated emissions testing because the products' mouth-end geometries do not readily seal with existing smoking and vaping machines. The demand for emissions data on popularly used products has led to inefficient and non-standardised solutions, such as laboratories making their geometry-specific custom adaptors and/or employing flexible tubing, for each unique mouth-end geometry tested.

An observational human laboratory assessment of nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of usual brand electronic cigarette use among young adults.

Aims: To measure nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of current generations of disposable, cartridge-based and other types of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults.

Design, Setting, Participants: Observational, human laboratory assessment of e-cigarette use in Columbus, Ohio, USA (July 2020 to June 2021). Participants (n = 96, 60.

A Review of the Toxicity of Ingredients in e-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having the FDA's "Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)" Regulatory Status for Use in Food.

Some firms and marketers of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; a type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)) and refill liquids (e-liquids) have made claims about the safety of ingredients used in their products based on the term "GRAS or Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS). However, GRAS is a provision within the definition of a food additive under section 201(s) (21 U.S.

Geometric framework for statistical analysis of eye tracking heat maps, with application to a tobacco waterpipe study.

Health warning labels have been found to increase awareness of the harmful effects of tobacco products. An eye tracking study was conducted to determine the optimal placement and type of a health warning label on tobacco waterpipes. Participants viewed images that contained one of (1) four waterpipes, (2) three different types of warning labels, (3) placed in three locations.

Transdermal Nicotine Treatment and Progression of Early Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show that smokers have a lower incidence of Parkinson’s disease. Nicotine has been hypothesized to slow progression in early Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, we randomly assigned patients with Parkinson’s disease, diagnosed within 18 months, who were in Hoehn and Yahr disease stage less than or equal to 2 (range from 0 to 5; higher scores indicate greater impairment), who were therapy naïve (except for stable monoamine-oxidase-B inhibition), and not requiring dopaminergic therapy, to transdermal nicotine or placebo.

Personalized dietary management of advanced prostate cancer using nutrigenomics: a case report.

While there are emerging reports in the scientific literature on potential associations between cholesterol/lipids and prostate cancer, information on the dietary management of these cancer patients is currently lacking. We report on a 57-year-old white Australian male diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer who had personalized dietary management in preparation for and following his medical treatment: radiation and radical prostatectomy. Dietary recommendations were based on his blood results and nutrigenomic tests which showed a history of and genetic predisposition to dyslipidemia.

Nontargeted Analysis in Tobacco Research: Challenges and Opportunities.

Tobacco products are evolving at a pace that has outstripped tobacco control, leading to a high prevalence of tobacco use in the population. Researchers have been tirelessly developing suitable techniques to assess these products' emissions, toxicity, and public health impact. The nonclinical testing of tobacco products to assess the chemical profile of emissions is needed for evidence-based regulations.

[An older patient with depression, anxiety and acute amnesia].

We saw a 73-year-old woman, diagnosed with a recurrent depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Escitalopram had been started by her general practitioner more than seven weeks ago. It was not effective, and was therefore tapered with the aim of starting a different antidepressant.

Dual Use of E-cigarettes and Cannabis among Young People in America: A New Public Health Hurdle?

In this commentary, we discuss the concerning prevalence of cannabis use among young people who use e-cigarettes. National data in the U.S.

Addiction potential of combustible menthol cigarette alternatives: a randomised cross-over trial.

Introduction: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued proposed product standards banning menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes and cigars. The public health benefits of these product standards may be attenuated by the role of plausible substitutes in the marketplace. Therefore, the present study examined the addiction potential of plausible combustible menthol alternatives compared with usual brand menthol cigarettes (UBMC).

Dietary fats and their sources in association with the risk of bladder cancer: A pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies.

The effects of fat intake from different dietary sources on bladder cancer (BC) risk remains unidentified. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between fat intakes and BC risk by merging world data on this topic. Data from 11 cohort studies in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) study, provided sufficient information on fat intake for a total of 2731 BC cases and 544 452 noncases, which yielded 5 400 168 person-years of follow-up.

Dietary B group vitamin intake and the bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Purpose: Diet may play an essential role in the aetiology of bladder cancer (BC). The B group complex vitamins involve diverse biological functions that could be influential in cancer prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between various components of the B group vitamin complex and BC risk.

Visual attention to blu's parody warnings and the FDA's warning on e-cigarette advertisements.

Objectives: In 2017, the e-cigarette brand, blu, released advertisements featuring large, boxed, positively-framed messages. These messages mimicked the format of FDA-mandated warnings that would appear on e-cigarette advertisements in the United States in 2018. We compared attention to blu's parody warnings and FDA-mandated warning appearing on blu advertisements.