Observation of Circular Dichroism Induced by Electronic Chirality.

Chiral phases of matter, characterized by a definite handedness, abound in nature, ranging from the crystal structure of quartz to spiraling spin states in helical magnets. In 1T-TiSe_{2} a source of chirality has been proposed that stands apart from these classical examples as it arises from combined electronic charge and quantum orbital fluctuations. This may allow its chirality to be accessed and manipulated without imposing either structural or magnetic handedness.

Altermagnetic Anomalous Hall Effect Emerging from Electronic Correlations.

While altermagnetic materials are characterized by a vanishing net magnetic moment, their symmetry in principle allows for the existence of an anomalous Hall effect. Here, we introduce a model with altermagnetism in which the emergence of an anomalous Hall effect is driven by interactions. This model is grounded in a modified Kane-Mele framework with antiferromagnetic spin-spin correlations.

Electronic excitations and spin interactions in chromium trihalides from embedded many-body wavefunctions.

Although chromium trihalides are widely regarded as a promising class of two-dimensional magnets for next-generation devices, an accurate description of their electronic structure and magnetic interactions has proven challenging to achieve. Here, we quantify electronic excitations and spin interactions in Cr ( = Cl, Br, I) using embedded many-body wavefunction calculations and fully generalized spin Hamiltonians. We find that the three trihalides feature comparable -shell excitations, consisting of a high-spin ground state lying 1.

Clinical, Genetic, and Histopathological Characteristics of CRX-associated Retinal Dystrophies.

Purpose: To describe phenotypic, genotypic, and histopathological features of inherited retinal dystrophies associated with the CRX gene (CRX-RDs).

Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study including histopathology.

Subjects: Thirty-nine patients from 31 families with pathogenic variants in the CRX gene.

Two decades of recipient and donor referrals for heart transplantation to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa: A retrospective study.

Background: Heart transplantation in South Africa faces numerous challenges related to organ scarcity and unequal access to advanced heart therapy. There is an urgent need to analyse the current transplant referral pathway to optimise equitable access to transplantation.

Objectives: To provide an audit of heart transplant referrals to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, over a 23-year period, focusing on patient demographics, indications for referral, waiting-list dynamics, and transplant referral outcomes.

Long-term observations on the hydraulic performance of a combined capillary barrier-methane oxidation landfill cover system.

This study quantifies the field hydraulic performance of a dual-functionality landfill cover, combining microbial methane oxidation with water diversion using a capillary barrier. The investigated 500 m test field, constructed on a landfill in the Netherlands, consisted of a cover soil optimised for methane oxidation, underlain by a sandy capillary layer and a gravelly capillary block. Outflows from these layers were measured between 2009 and 2023.

Mutations in , a Mitochondrial Methyl Transferase Gene, Cause Inherited Optic Neuropathy.

Inherited optic neuropathies (IONs) are rare genetic diseases characterized by progressive visual loss due the atrophy of optic nerves. The standard diagnostic workup involving next-generation sequencing panels has a diagnostic yield of about forty percent. In the other 60% of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of ION, the underlying genetic variants remain unknown.

Exercise Capacity and Reoperation Late After Transatrial Fallot Repair.

Background: The exercise capacity long after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, when performed exclusively with a transatrial repair, is unclear. It is also unknown whether echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing can predict the risk of reoperation in this patient group.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 59 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing after transatrial Fallot repair at a single centre.

A Novel Design-Thinking, Hospital Innovation Core Certificate Curriculum for Radiologists and Trainees: Creation, Implementation, and Multiyear Results.

Rationale And Objectives: Innovation is a crucial skill for physicians and researchers, yet traditional medical education does not provide instruction or experience to cultivate an innovative mindset. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel course implemented in an academic radiology department training program over a 5-year period designed to educate future radiologists on the fundamentals of medical innovation.

Materials And Methods: A pre- and post-course survey and examination were administered to residents who participated in the innovation course (MESH Core) from 2018 to 2022.

The Analysis of Embryoid Body Formation and Its Role in Retinal Organoid Development.

Within the last decade, a wide variety of protocols have emerged for the generation of retinal organoids. A subset of studies have compared protocols based on stem cell source, the physical features of the microenvironment, and both internal and external signals, all features that influence embryoid body and retinal organoid formation. Most of these comparisons have focused on the effect of signaling pathways on retinal organoid development.

Evidence of superconducting Fermi arcs.

An essential ingredient for the production of Majorana fermions for use in quantum computing is topological superconductivity. As bulk topological superconductors remain elusive, the most promising approaches exploit proximity-induced superconductivity, making systems fragile and difficult to realize. Due to their intrinsic topology, Weyl semimetals are also potential candidates, but have always been connected with bulk superconductivity, leaving the possibility of intrinsic superconductivity of their topological surface states, the Fermi arcs, practically without attention, even from the theory side.

Large outbreak of typhoid fever on a river cruise ship used as accommodation for asylum seekers, the Netherlands, 2022.

On 6 April 2022, the Public Health Service of Kennemerland, the Netherlands, was notified about an outbreak of fever and abdominal complaints on a retired river cruise ship, used as shelter for asylum seekers. The diagnosis typhoid fever was confirmed on 7 April. An extensive outbreak investigation was performed.

Origin of the Magnetic Exciton in the van der Waals Antiferromagnet NiPS_{3}.

An ultrasharp photoluminescence line intimately related to antiferromagnetic order has been found in NiPS_{3}, a correlated van der Waals material, opening prospects for magneto-optical coupling schemes and spintronic applications. Here we unambiguously clarify the singlet origin of this excitation, confirming its roots in the spin structure. Based on a comprehensive investigation of the electronic structure using angle-resolved photoemission and q-dependent electron energy loss spectroscopy as experimental tools we develop, in a first step, an adequate theoretical understanding using density functional theory (DFT).

Bruch's Membrane Calcification in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: Comparing Histopathology and Clinical Imaging.

Purpose: To investigate the histology of Bruch's membrane (BM) calcification in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and correlate this to clinical retinal imaging.

Design: Experimental study with clinicopathological correlation.

Subjects And Controls: Six postmortem eyes from 4 PXE patients and 1 comparison eye from an anonymous donor without PXE.

Financial Impact of a Radiology Safety Net Program for Resolution of Clinically Necessary Follow-up Imaging Recommendations.

Objective: Health care safety net (SN) programs can potentially improve patient safety and decrease risk associated with missed or delayed follow-up care, although they require financial resources. This study aimed to assess whether the revenue generated from completion of clinically necessary recommendations for additional imaging (RAI) made possible by an IT-enabled SN program could fund the required additional labor resources.

Methods: Clinically necessary RAI generated October 21, 2019, to September 24, 2021, were tracked to resolution as of April 13, 2023.

Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on Cystoid Fluid Collections and Visual Acuity in Patients with X-Linked Retinoschisis.

Purpose: To date, there is no standard treatment regimen for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) patients. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of CAIs on visual acuity and cystoid fluid collections (CFC) in XRLS patients in Dutch and Belgian tertiary referral centers.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the only definitive and potentially curative therapy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), associated with impressive improvements in symptoms and haemodynamics. However, it is only offered at a few centres in South Africa. The characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing PEA in Cape Town have not been reported previously.

Vacancy-mediated anomalous phononic and electronic transport in defective half-Heusler ZrNiBi.

Studies of vacancy-mediated anomalous transport properties have flourished in diverse fields since these properties endow solid materials with fascinating photoelectric, ferroelectric, and spin-electric behaviors. Although phononic and electronic transport underpin the physical origin of thermoelectrics, vacancy has only played a stereotyped role as a scattering center. Here we reveal the multifunctionality of vacancy in tailoring the transport properties of an emerging thermoelectric material, defective n-type ZrNiBi.

The Environmental, Social, Governance Movement and Radiology: Opportunities and Strategy.

The environmental, social, governance (ESG) movement has come to health care organizations, in part through the Biden administration's challenge to them to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by 2050, in support of more robust environmental sustainability. Radiology practices should become knowledgeable about ESG concepts and look for opportunities that are meaningful and achievable to support their host organizations' ESG efforts. Examples of initiatives to support improved environmental sustainability include selecting the least energy intensive imaging method for a given diagnosis, shutting down equipment in standby mode, sourcing energy from renewable sources, and reducing waste through recycling.