The First 1000 Days of Infant.

The third edition of the Nursing and Pediatrics Congress was held in Paris from 16-19 June 2021, with the aim of contributing the experiences and reflections of relevant health professionals (pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, obstetricians, nurses, midwives, dieticians, and lactation consultants) to the knowledge of the most critical period of human life: its first 1000 days [...

Nutrition of Pregnant and Lactating Women in the First 1000 Days of Infant.

Nutrition for pregnant and breastfeeding women is fundamental to the development of the child in its first 1000 days and beyond. To evaluate the adequacy of this nutrition, we have relied on historical dietary surveys and on personal French studies (4 studies from 1997 to 2014) involving dietary surveys over 3 days (3D-Diet). Furthermore, our team specialized in lipids has measured the fatty acids of breast milk, which reflect the dietary intake of lipids, from breast milk (1997-2014) and from the lipids of cord blood and maternal fat tissue, in 1997.

Breast-Feeding from an Evolutionary Perspective.

Lactation is the most critical period of mammal feeding given the compulsory dependence on milk of the offspring during a more or less extensive period following birth. This has also been the case for the human species until relatively recent times when heterologous milk processing has allowed the alternative of artificial lactation. The advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial lactation (formula) have been widely discussed from the biological, psychological and cultural perspectives, without reaching a general agreement among the breastfeeding women themselves or among the health professionals concerned.

'Stuck' in nonstandard schedules? Married couples' nonstandard work schedules over the life course.

Though employment outside of regular daytime business hours has remained high since the 1990s, trends in nonstandard employment schedules over the life course and across households remain under-examined. The consequences of nonstandard scheduling extend to workers, their spouse, and children, urging greater attention to the distribution of nonstandard schedules at the couple-level. Using all three waves of the National Survey of Families and Households, this article examines the prevalence, persistence and sociodemographic patterns of rotating and night employment at the couple-level, following 913 married couples in the United States as they aged from the late 1980s to early 2000s.

Medical complications in a telemedicine home care programme for paediatric ventilated patients.

Introduction: Advances in paediatric medicine have increased survival rates for patients with severe chronic illnesses, of which the most complex are ventilator-dependent children (VDCs). Although home care improves their quality of life, morbidity and mortality rates are high. Our aim was to study the medical complications (events) that occur at home and assess the usefulness of telemedicine in their detection and treatment.

Usefulness of telemedicine for home ventilator-dependent children.

Introduction: Medical care for ventilator-dependent children must avoid hospital confinement, which is detrimental to the patient, their family and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Our objective was to assess the role of telemedicine in facilitating early and permanent discharge of such patients to home care.

Methods: This was a prospective clinical study (2007-2017) in tracheotomised ventilator-dependent children.

Relationship between childhood obesity cut-offs and metabolic and vascular comorbidities: comparative analysis of three growth standards.

Background: To compare the association between metabolic and vascular comorbidities and the body mass (BMI)-for-age cut-off criteria from three growth standards [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2000; World Health Organization (WHO), 2007; Spanish Reference Criteria (Carrascosa Lezcano et al., 2008)] that are used to define being overweight and obese in childhood.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 137 children (aged 8-16 years).

Egalitarianism, Housework, and Sexual Frequency in Marriage.

Changes in the nature of marriage have spurred a debate about the consequences of shifts to more egalitarian relationships, and media interest in the debate has crystallized around claims that men who participate in housework get more sex. However, little systematic or representative research supports the claim that women, in essence, exchange sex for men's participation in housework. Although research and theory support the expectation that egalitarian marriages are higher quality, other studies underscore the ongoing importance of traditional gender behavior and gender display in marriage.

Association between WHO cut-offs for childhood overweight and obesity and cardiometabolic risk.

Objective: To examine the association between cardiovascular risk and childhood overweight and obesity using the BMI cut-offs recommended by the WHO.

Design: Children were classified as normal weight, overweight and obese according to the WHO BMI-for-age reference. Blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and uric acid levels were compared across BMI groups.

Early decision of gastrostomy tube insertion in children with severe developmental disability: a current dilemma.

Background: Healthcare professionals advise earlier gastrostomy tube (GT) placement in children with severe developmental disabilities, marked feeding disorders and risk of malnutrition. However, a delay in acceptance of the procedure by parents/guardians is the main issue of concern. The present study aimed to investigate: (i) parental satisfaction with GT feeding and whether parents/carers would have accepted earlier GT placement and (ii) subsequent nutritional outcome.

Carotid artery stiffness as an early marker of vascular lesions in children and adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors.

Introduction And Objectives: The availability of a noninvasive marker of vascular lesions that enables their detection in the preclinical phase would be of great benefit for cardiovascular disease prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a range of indices of arterial wall stiffness in the common carotid artery, as derived using high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography, for identifying vascular damage in children with risk factors.

Methods: The study involved 99 children (age, 8-16 years) divided into two groups: 65 had cardiovascular risk factors (45 obesity, 20 dyslipidemia) and 34 were controls.

Safety and efficacy of flecainide in the treatment of symptomatic children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Sudden cardiac death may occur in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPWS). Symptomatic patients are usually treated with antiarrhythmic drugs until ablation of an accessory pathway (AP) could be performed. The objective of this study was to review the safety and efficacy of flecainide in the treatment of children with symptomatic WPWS.

Noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure by means of a conventional volumetric ventilator.

Background: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is one of the main causes for admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) by a volumetric ventilator with a specific mode in pediatric acute respiratory failure.

Methods: A three-year prospective non-controlled study was undertaken in children with ARF who had received NIV delivered by Evita 2 Dura with NIV mode through a nonvented oronasal mask.

Arteriovenous fistula of the vertebral artery in a female infant with hypotonia and cephalocorporal disproportion.

Background: Congenital arteriovenous fistulas are exceptional in childhood and imply a therapeutic challenge.

Case Report: A 9-month-old female infant was studied for cephalocorporal disproportion, hypotonia, progressive muscular atrophy and hyperreflexia. Computed tomography of the brain and electroencephalography were normal.

Predictive factors for the outcome of noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure.

Objectives: To identify success and failure prognostic signs of noninvasive ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Noninvasive ventilation constitutes an alternative treatment for pediatric acute respiratory failure. However, tracheal intubation should not be delayed when considered necessary.

Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children.

Objective: To analyse the influence of several prenatal and neonatal risk factors in the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children.

Subjects And Methods: Children between 4 and 5 years of age (n = 102) were classified into: Group 1) 52 low birth weight (<2500 g); Group 2) 50 normal birth weight (>or=2500 g). Medical history, prenatal and neonatal variables were collected.

The effects on offspring of premature parturition.

The time of parturition defines the length of the intrauterine period of fetal life, a requisite to achieve adequate adaptation to the external environment. Immaturity, a condition whose severity is inversely related to the length of pregnancy, is the main determinant of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth. Despite great advances in medical technology and expertise, mainly after the introduction of the neonatal intensive care units, only one- to two-thirds of infants from the subsets with lower birthweight/gestational age reach survival at discharge.

Copper, iron, and zinc contents in human milk during the first three months of lactation: a longitudinal study.

The aim of the study has been to analyze the evolution of copper, iron, and zinc contents in human milk, from colostrum to the third postpartum month, following a longitudinal design, under specific conditions of sample collection and to apply an analytical procedure previously optimized to reduce any variation outside physiological lactation. The copper, iron, and zinc concentrations in 144 milk samples from 39 healthy puerpera women, were analyzed in five stages by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, following a standardized protocol. Copper presented a gradual decrease from 0.

A study of factors that may influence the determination of copper, iron, and zinc in human milk during sampling and in sample individuals.

The aim of this study was to establish the possible effects of the sampling protocol (between-breast, within-feed, and diurnal differences) and the mother's personal factors (age, parity, iron supplementation, smoking habits, and lactation period) on the copper, iron, and zinc contents in human milk. One hundred thirty-six human milk samples identified by their origin and sampling conditions were analyzed. The samples were obtained from the 2nd to 15th d postpartum from 62 women.

Return to work experience of injured workers in a case management program.

A major goal of case management programs is the worker's timely return to work. Few studies have examined return to work from the perspective of the injured worker. This article describes the findings from the case management evaluation that describe the return to work experience of workers who sustained catastrophic injuries, or who had secondary conditions or complications following the injury occurrence.

Injured workers' perceptions of case management services. A descriptive study.

This article describes the findings from a study of injured workers conducted as part of a multifaceted evaluation study of a case management program. The sample consisted of workers who filed a workers' compensation claim between January 1 and September 30, 1995. Data collection consisted of written surveys (n = 45), personal interviews (n = 27), and telephone interviews (n = 16).

Case management for injured workers. A descriptive study using a record review.

A record review was used to examine case management services provided to 36 workers who sustained a catastrophic or medically complex injury, and who were referred to a case management program. The aims of this phase of the evaluation were to identify and describe: Workers' demographics and personal attributes, The structures and processes that affected the course of these cases, and The role of the nurse case manager (NCM). A data collection instrument was developed to collect quantitative and qualitative information.

Case management services for injured workers. Providers' perspectives.

The perceptions of service providers involved in case management services are described here. The service providers included claims managers, occupational nurse consultants, attending physicians, and nurse case managers. The purposes of this phase of the study were to describe these providers' perceptions about the case management program; to organize findings according to the quality assessment model that guided this study (including structure, function, and outcomes); and to identify barriers and facilitators to satisfaction with case management services.