Epidemiology of Common Injuries in the Volleyball Athlete.

Purpose Of Review: To review the recent literature regarding the epidemiology of injuries in the volleyball athlete across all levels of play and to discuss areas where further studies are needed.

Recent Findings: Injury epidemiology for volleyball at the collegiate and high school level has been supported by a longitudinal injury surveillance program through the NCAA Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) and High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) for the past 30 years. The creation of the FIVB Injury Surveillance System (FIVB ISS) in 2010 shows promise in advancing the literature on the injury at the professional level, and further studies on beach volleyball injuries are needed.

The Toxic Effect of Lanthanum on Planaria Is Mediated by a Variety of Ion Channels.

The effect of toxic concentrations of La on the Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Cl channels of planaria was investigated through the use of various agonists and antagonists to those channels. It was demonstrated that La exerts its toxic effects through L-type, but not T-type, Ca channels. La also demonstrated activity at Na, K, Mg, and Cl channels, but, these effects were most likely mediated by other effects of La on Ca activity.

Experimental toxicology: Issues of statistics, experimental design, and replication.

The difficulty of replicating experiments has drawn considerable attention. Issues with replication occur for a variety of reasons ranging from experimental design to laboratory errors to inappropriate statistical analysis. Here we review a variety of guidelines for statistical analysis, design, and execution of experiments in toxicology.

Motivational Factors Predict Weight Loss in Rural Adults.

Objective: The objective was to: (a) describe the changes over time in motivational factors of weight loss and (b) to examine predictors of weight loss in rural adults enrolled in a weight loss program.

Design And Sample: A longitudinal study was conducted in a convenience sample of 50 adults recruited from a rural Young Men's Christian Association.

Measures: Questionnaires were completed at baseline (preprogram), 1, 2 and 3 months (end of program).

Eating Self-Regulation in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Concept Analysis.

Background: Poor eating behaviors greatly influence the development of becoming overweight or obese. Learning to better self-regulate eating is one area in which individuals can positively influence their own health.

Purpose: The purpose of this concept analysis is to provide an in-depth analysis of the concept eating self-regulation as it pertains to overweight and obese adults using Walker and Avant's method.

The role of metal regulatory proteins in brain oxidative stress: a tutorial.

The proteins that regulate the metabolism of a metal must also play a role in regulating the redox activity of the metal. Metals are intrinsic to a substantial number of biological processes and the proteins that regulate those activities are also considerable in number. The role these proteins play in a wide range of physiological processes involves them directly and indirectly in a variety of disease processes.

The toxicity of depleted uranium.

Depleted uranium (DU) is an emerging environmental pollutant that is introduced into the environment primarily by military activity. While depleted uranium is less radioactive than natural uranium, it still retains all the chemical toxicity associated with the original element. In large doses the kidney is the target organ for the acute chemical toxicity of this metal, producing potentially lethal tubular necrosis.

Foot and ankle injuries in the barefoot sports.

Playing sports barefoot has been contested since the very beginnings of athletic competition. Even today, some data suggest that shoes may limit the adaptive pronation that occurs after footstrike during running gait. This pronation likely protects runners from injury.

Palpitations in athletes.

In an athletic population, the incidence of palpitations varies from 0.3% to as high as 70%, depending on age and type of sport being studied. Palpitations, or an awareness of an increased or abnormal heart beat, are rare in the school-age athlete, but much more common in older endurance athletes.

The effects of motivational interviewing on physiological outcomes.

This study examined the effects of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention on physiological outcomes among hyperlipidemic persons randomly assigned to an MI (n = 12) or an attention-control (AC; n = 12) group. Lipid and cardiorespiratory fitness levels were measured pre- and postintervention. The MI intervention was significant in reducing total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol but not in increasing VO(2max) when compared with the AC group.

The evolution of depleted uranium as an environmental risk factor: lessons from other metals.

Depleted uranium (DU) is used in both civilian and military applications. Civilian uses are primarily limited to ballast and counterweights in ships and aircraft with limited risk of environmental release. The very nature of the military use of DU releases DU into the environment.

Strategies for the prevention of volleyball related injuries.

Although the overall injury rate in volleyball and beach volleyball is relatively low compared with other team sports, injuries do occur in a discipline specific pattern. Epidemiological research has revealed that volleyball athletes are, in general, at greatest risk of acute ankle injuries and overuse conditions of the knee and shoulder. This structured review discusses both the known and suspected risk factors and potential strategies for preventing the most common volleyball related injuries: ankle sprains, patellar tendinopathy, and shoulder overuse.

Primary care of the sports hernia: recognizing an often-overlooked cause of pain.

Groin injury is common in sports that involve high-speed torsion of the trunk, especially soccer, as in this case of a 28-year-old goalie. The sports hernia, a syndrome of pain caused by disruption of the inguinal canal without a clinically detectable hernia, is often initially overlooked. Examination reveals maximal tenderness over the pubic tubercle and posterior inguinal canal.

Effects of short-term and long-term depleted uranium exposure on open-field behavior and brain lipid oxidation in rats.

Male and female rats were exposed to depleted uranium acetate (DU) in drinking water at doses of 0, 75, or 150 mg/L for either 2 weeks or 6 months. After exposure, the animals were tested for behaviors in the open-field. After testing in the open-field, the brains were examined for levels of lipid oxidation using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay.

Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A.

Salvinorin A is a unique hallucinogen that is seeing increased use in humans. It is not currently a controlled substance and is used as a legal alternative to controlled substances. Usually smoked or buccally absorbed by chewing, doses of approximately 200 mcg can produce profound hallucinogenic effects of short duration.

Corticosteroid injection for treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis: a pooled quantitative literature evaluation.

Background: There have been many approaches described to treat de Quervain's tenosynovitis, but no definite consensus emerges in the literature. We conducted a pooled quantitative literature evaluation to review the therapeutic studies in the English language to determine the various reported cure rates.

Methods: All citations in the MEDLINE and Ovid databases that addressed de Quervain's tenosynovitis were independently reviewed.

The effect of GABA receptor ligands in experimental spina bifida occulta.

Background: The pathophysiology behind spina bifida and other neural tube defects (NTDs) is unclear. Folic acid is one variable, but other factors remain. Studies suggest that substances active at the GABA receptor may produce NTDs.

Valproate enhances N-cadherin production in Xenopus embryos.

Xenopus embryos were exposed to valproate (0, 20, 40, 80 mg/l) either before or after neural tube closure. The embryos were then homogenized and fractionated by gel electrophoresis, and N-cadherin was detected and measured with quantitative immunoblotting. Findings indicated that valproate exposure increased N-cadherin production in a dose-dependent manner.

Neurodevelopmental effects of lanthanum in mice.

Mice were exposed to lanthanum chloride in drinking water at 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/liter concentration prior to conception, during gestation, and until 30 days postnatally. Developing mice were assessed for the development of swimming and walking behavior and ear and eye opening. At 30 days of age the mice were assessed with a standard neurologic scale.

Gastric retention of zinc-based pennies: radiographic appearance and hazards.

Purpose: To determine the radiographic appearance and features of corrosion in U.S. coins exposed to gastric acid.

Volleyball injuries: managing acute and overuse disorders.

Most volleyball injuries are related to blocking or spiking, both of which involve vertical jumps. The most common acute injuries include ankle and thumb sprains, and common overuse injuries include patellar and shoulder tendinitis, suprascapular neuropathy, and low-back injury. Symptoms will usually resolve with conservative treatment, which may include activity modification, such as reduced jump training or jumping on a sand surface, and technical instruction.

Comparison of the behavior of the curly tail and CBA mouse on a neurologic scale.

ct/ct mice are a mutation of the CBA strain with a high incidence of spina bifida (SB). Because humans with SB can exhibit abnormal behavior, we compared ct/ct and CBA mice using a neurologic assessment tool. ct/ct mice are more active and engage in more climbing, and stereotypical and compulsive behavior.