Performance Assessment of Two Low-Cost PM and PM Monitoring Networks in the Padana Plain (Italy).

Two low-cost (LC) monitoring networks, PurpleAir (instrumented by Plantower PMS5003 sensors) and AirQino (Novasense SDS011), were assessed in monitoring PM and PM daily concentrations in the Padana Plain (Northern Italy). A total of 19 LC stations for PM and 20 for PM concentrations were compared vs. regulatory-grade stations during a full "heating season" (15 October 2022-15 April 2023).

Long-term investigation of methane and carbon dioxide emissions in two Italian landfills.

Landfills play a key role as greenhouse gas (GHGs) emitters, and urgently need assessment and management plans development to swiftly reduce their climate impact. In this context, accurate emission measurements from landfills under different climate and management would reduce the uncertainty in emission accounting. In this study, more than one year of long-term high-frequency data of CO and CH fluxes were collected in two Italian landfills (Giugliano and Case Passerini) with contrasting management (gas recovery VS no management) using eddy covariance (EC), with the aim to i) investigate the relation between climate drivers and CO and CH fluxes at different time intervals and ii) to assess the overall GHG balances including the biogas extraction and energy recovery components.

Prognostic Factors Improving ATA Risk System and Dynamic Risk Stratification in Low- and Intermediate-Risk DTC Patients.

Context: American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines do not consider age at diagnosis as a prognostic factor on the estimation of the risk of persistent/recurrent disease in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. While age at diagnosis has already been assessed in high-risk patients, it remains to be established in low- and intermediate-risk patients.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the role of age as a prognostic factor in the short- and long-term outcome of DTC patients classified at low and intermediate risk according to the ATA stratification risk system.

Pilot Study on the Impact of Polymorphisms Linked to Multi-Kinase Inhibitor Metabolism on Lenvatinib Side Effects in Patients with Advanced Thyroid Cancer.

Multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) represent the best therapeutic option in advanced thyroid cancer patients. The therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of MKIs are very heterogeneous and are difficult to predict before starting treatment. Moreover, due to the development of severe adverse events, it is necessary to interrupt the therapy some patients.

Uncertainties in the adaptation of alpine pastures to climate change based on remote sensing products and modelling.

Over the last century, the management of pastoral systems has undergone major changes to meet the livelihood needs of alpine communities. Faced with the changes induced by recent global warming, the ecological status of many pastoral systems has seriously deteriorated in the western alpine region. We assessed changes in pasture dynamics by integrating information from remote-sensing products and two process-based models, i.

Effect of Pre-Existent Sarcopenia on Oncological Outcome of Advanced Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

(1) Background: Sarcopenia is associated with poor survival and treatment outcomes in several human cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a cohort of 58 Caucasian patients with advanced thyroid cancer before and during TKI treatment. The impact of this condition on the outcome of patients was also evaluated.

No need of glucocorticoid dose adjustment in patients with adrenal insufficiency before COVID-19 vaccine.

Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causes acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) may develop severe complications due to this infection and should undergo COVID-19 vaccination; however, there is no consensus about the management of their replacement therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tolerability and need for glucocorticoid dose adjustment related to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in a cohort of patients with AI.

How Modelers Model: the Overlooked Social and Human Dimensions in Model Intercomparison Studies.

There is a growing realization that the complexity of model ensemble studies depends not only on the models used but also on the experience and approach used by modelers to calibrate and validate results, which remain a source of uncertainty. Here, we applied a multi-criteria decision-making method to investigate the rationale applied by modelers in a model ensemble study where 12 process-based different biogeochemical model types were compared across five successive calibration stages. The modelers shared a common level of agreement about the importance of the variables used to initialize their models for calibration.

Terpene Profiles Composition and Micromorphological Analysis on Two Wild Populations of spp. from the Tuscan Archipelago (Central Italy).

Two wild populations of (Mill.) located at Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago, Central Italy) were morphologically and phytochemically analyzed to taxonomically identify (population A) and subsp. (population B).

An integrated approach to estimate how much urban afforestation can contribute to move towards carbon neutrality.

Urban afforestation is considered a promising nature-climate solution that may contribute to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, since it can increase C-storage and C-sequestration, whilst providing further multiple ecosystem services for citizens. However, the quantification of the CO sequestration capacity that may be provided by an urban forest as well as the capacity to impact the city-level C-balance and offset anthropogenic emissions is a complex issue. Methodological approaches, quantity and quality of information contained in urban tree database, and the level of detail of the planned urban forest can strongly influence the estimation of C-sequestration potential offered by urban forests.

Pre- and Post-operative Circulating Tumoral DNA in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Context: Measurement of driver mutations in circulating tumoral DNA (ctDNA) obtained by liquid biopsy has been shown to be a sensitive biomarker in several human tumors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of pre- and post-operative ctDNA in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (sMTC).

Methods: We studied pre- and post-operative ctDNA in 26 and 23 sMTC patients, respectively.

Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasm in Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

Introduction: Survival rates in patients with non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) are high, increasing the possibility to develop a second malignant neoplasm (SMN). Many studies investigated the relationship between increased risk of SMN in NMTC patients treated with radioiodine, but few data are available about the impact of family history (FH) of thyroid cancer on SMN risk.

Purpose: To assess the risk of SMN in a large cohort of sporadic and familial NMTC using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR).

CONUT Score: A New Tool for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Thyroid Cancer Treated with TKI.

(1) Background: The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an immuno-nutritional screening tool based on serum albumin, total cholesterol, and lymphocyte count. The aim of the study was to assess the CONUT score as a potential prognostic factor of response to therapy in patients with advanced thyroid cancer treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). (2) Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 42 metastatic thyroid cancer patients (54.

Calcitonin Levels in Thyroid Disease Are Not Affected by Autoimmune Thyroiditis or Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Introduction: Association between hypercalcitoninemia and pathological conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) or differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has been addressed, with conflicting results. We evaluated the prevalence and the clinical relevance of elevated basal serum calcitonin (CT) levels in non-neoplastic (nodular goiter [NG] and AIT) and neoplastic thyroid diseases (DTC).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 3,250 consecutive patients with thyroid nodular disease who underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology with adequate sample.

Unveiling the changes in urban atmospheric CO in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Florence (Italy).

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by global mobility restrictions and slowdown in manufacturing activities. Accordingly, cities experienced a significant decrease of CO emissions. In this study, continuous measurements of CO fluxes, atmospheric CO concentrations and δC-CO values were performed in the historical center of Florence (Italy) before, during and after the almost two-month long national lockdown.

The Combination of Sonographic Features and the Seven-Gene Panel May be Useful in the Management of Thyroid Nodules With Indeterminate Cytology.

Introduction: The management of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules, which account for 10-25% of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), is still very challenging.

Aim: To verify the utility of the seven-gene panel in combination with ultrasound features in the clinical management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Results: The study group included 188 indeterminate thyroid nodules, divided into TIR3A (56.

Improvement of Overall Survival Using TKIs as Salvage Therapy in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: Real-Life Data on a Single Center Experience.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved progression-free survival in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. So far, few studies have investigated the efficacy of TKIs in a second-line setting. The purpose of our study was to explore the salvage therapy efficacy in patients with advanced thyroid cancer.

Baseline serum TSH levels predict the absence of thyroid dysfunction in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.

Purpose: Immunotherapy against immune checkpoints has significantly improved survival both in metastatic and adjuvant setting in several types of cancers. Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine adverse event reported. Patients who are at risk of developing thyroid dysfunction remain to be defined.

Quantifying road traffic impact on air quality in urban areas: A Covid19-induced lockdown analysis in Italy.

Covid19-induced lockdown measures caused modifications in atmospheric pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban road traffic was the most impacted, with 48-60% average reduction in Italy. This offered an unprecedented opportunity to assess how a prolonged (∼2 months) and remarkable abatement of traffic emissions impacted on urban air quality.

Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long-term bare-fallow soils.

Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate-change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long-term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process-based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long-term bare-fallow (vegetation-free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Familial and Sporadic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The definition and the behaviour of familial papillary thyroid cancer (FPTC) compared to the sporadic form (SPTC) are still debated. Some authors believe that only families with 3 or more affected members represent an actual example of familial diseases.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyse the clinicopathological features and the outcome of sporadic and familial PTC patients also according to the number of affected members.

Validation of American Thyroid Association Ultrasound Risk-Adapted Approach for Repeating Cytology in Benign Thyroid Nodules.

The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) ultrasound (US) risk stratification system is used to identify thyroid nodules in which fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) should be performed. In addition, this system is used to plan the long-term follow-up of patients with cytological benign thyroid nodules. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ATA US risk-adapted approach for repeating cytology in a large retrospective cohort of consecutive benign nodules with a second FNAC repeated after a median follow-up of 3.

Indication for radioiodine remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer patients: does 2018 Italian consensus change anything?

Purpose: We speculated that radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) could be performed less frequently in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients, if the recommendations of the 2018 Italian Consensus (ITA) were applied in clinical practice. Therefore, we compared the ITA indications for RRA with the recommendations by the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines (ATA).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 380 consecutive DTC patients treated with surgery and RRA, followed at the Section of Endocrinology, University of Siena, Italy from January 2006 to December 2019.