pH-Dependent Behavior of Ionizable Cationic Lipids in mRNA-Carrying Lipoplexes Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Lipid-based nanoparticles and lipoplexes containing ionizable lipids are among the most successful nanocarriers for mRNA-based therapies. The molecular structure of these assemblies is still not fully understood, as well as the role played by the ionizable lipids. SAXS experiments have shown that lipoplexes including the ionizable lipid 2-dioleyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane (DODMA), under specific conditions, have a lamellar structure, where lipid bilayers are separated by mRNA-rich layers, with an overall spacing between 6.

Catalysis of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in the 2,6,8-trisubstituted purines and application in the synthesis of combinatorial libraries.

The following paper summarizes our work on compound libraries of 2,6,8-trisubstituted purines. This synthesis route on a polystyrene support begins with 2,6-dichloro purine making extensive use of catalysis. During the synthesis the polymer bound purines were brominated selectively on C8.

Parents' assessment and children's reactions to a passive restraint device used for behavior control in a private pediatric dental practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare parents' acceptance of passive restraint with their personal perception of their own anxiety, their evaluation of their child's emotional state while being restrained and the treating dentist's perception of their levels of stress.

Methods: A convenience sample of 100 children who needed passive restraint in order to complete their restorative dental needs were included in the study. After the dental treatment was completed, surveys were mailed to the parents who were in the operatory during the restorative procedure, asking them to evaluate their level of stress, their view of how their child accepted the passive restraint device and their view of the success of the procedure.

The distal shoe space maintainer chairside fabrication and clinical performance.

The chairside-fabricated distal shoe appliance, with a stainless steel crown as the retainer, is an efficacious and cost-effective appliance for guiding the unerupted permanent first molar into position after premature loss or extraction of the second primary molar. The fabrication technique is illustrated in this case report and data is presented on the success rate of the appliance.

The effect of restorative treatment on children's behavior at the first recall visit in a private pediatric dental practice.

Clinicians anecdotally believe that children, who have an invasive dental procedure after the initial office visit, often exhibit negative behavior at the recall examination. The purpose of this study was to document the behavior of children having the first recall visit at a private pediatric dental practice to determine if the restorative dentistry experience influenced behavior at recall. All children presenting for the first recall visit in the private practice of the author were included in the study (n = 271).

Behavior of pediatric dental patients throughout the course of restorative dental treatment in a private pediatric dental practice.

The purpose of this study was to describe and quantify patient behavior patterns observed throughout restorative dentistry appointments in a private pediatric dental practice. Patient behavior throughout the course of the first restorative dental visit was recorded using the Sarnat Behavior Scale. Behavior of patients in age groups 0 to 5 (0 to 60 months), 5 to 8 (61 to 96 months) and 8 to 12 (97 to 144 months) was noted at the start of the visit, during the procedure and when the patient was dismissed.

Comparison of the behavior of children undergoing restorative dental treatment at the first visit versus the second visit in a private pediatric dental practice.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the behavior of child patients undergoing restorative dental treatment at the first office visit versus those whose first restorative treatment visit was after an initial non-threatening dental visit in a private pediatric dental practice. For patients up to and including age 9, patient behavior was recorded during the restorative session using the Sarnat scale, which rate behavior in 5 levels, from completely cooperative to completely uncooperative. Variables such as age, method of payment, referral source and sex were also recorded.

Child behavior in a private pediatric dental practice associated with types of visits, age and socio-economic factors.

The purpose of this study was to describe child patient behavior patterns seen in a private pediatric dental practice. Patient behavior for every individual visit was recorded over a span of 3 consecutive months using the Sarnat Behavior Scale as the descriptive measurement device. Behavior during 5 categories of procedures was recorded: new patient examination/introduction to the office, periodic recare, restorative dentistry, orthodontic adjustment and quick check observation.

Synthesis of diverse and complex molecules on the solid phase.

In this paper we summarize our efforts toward optimizing key reactions on the solid phase which tolerate a variety of functional groups. These groups were sequentially modified, allowing the production of novel and diverse compound libraries on the solid phase.

A novel fluorogenic substrate for ribonucleases. Synthesis and enzymatic characterization.

The synthesis and enzymatic characterization of DUPAAA, a novel fluorogenic substrate for RNases of the pancreatic type is described. It consists of the dinucleotide uridylyl-3',5'-deoxyadenosine to which a fluorophore, o-aminobenzoic acid, and a quencher, 2,4-dinitroaniline, have been attached by means of phosphodiester linkages. Due to intramolecular quenching the intact substrate displayed very little fluorescence.

[Improving fiber adhesion by surface oxidation in carbon fiber reinforced bone cement].

The mechanical superiority of carbon fiber reinforced PMMA containing additional apatite was shown previously. For further improvement these carbon fibers were now submitted to a superficial oxidation treatment by HNO3. A closer contact between the carbon fibers and PMMA and even trabeculae-like adhesions were detected by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Differential validity of the K-ABC for lower functioning preschool children versus those of higher ability.

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Form L-M, were administered to 93 preschool children at risk for learning problems. Lower and higher functioning groups were determined by a Stanford-Binet IQ median split. Although the Stanford-Binet and K-ABC yielded nearly identical results in the higher group, K-ABC standard scores were significantly higher than Stanford-Binet IQ in the lower group.

[Morphologic analysis of endoprosthesis materials with scanning electron microscopy].

The biomaterials used in endoprosthesis are subject to great dynamic and tribologic stress which they are not always able to withstand. Wear and fatigue fractures may ensue. The SEM is a valuable tool for controlling quality and determining the nature of faults in the material.

Methods To Alter the Recovery and Nodule Location of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Inoculant Strains on Field-Grown Soybeans.

Three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, I17, 110, and 61A76, were evaluated for their ability to form nodules on field-grown soybeans in soil with a highly competitive indigenous B. japonicum population. The predominant indigenous strain, 0336, in the field site used was unlike the more common isolates from Midwestern soils which belong to the 123 or 138 serogroups.