Differential Impacts of Anticipated Success on Employment Outcomes Among Adults Who Stutter.

Purpose: Stuttering is associated with disparities in labor market outcomes among young adults, but little is known about how labor market outcomes associated with stuttering change over time. Therefore, this study characterized longitudinal associations between stuttering and early life expectations, job satisfaction, receipt of employer-provided insurance benefits, and income.

Method: The analysis used data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, which contained 16,653 individuals aged 18-43 years interviewed over 18 years.

Acceptability, tolerability and safety of the BRIGhTMIND trial: Connectivity-guided intermittent theta-burst stimulation versus F3- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.

Background: The BRIGhTMIND study was a double-blind RCT comparing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at a standard simulation site (the "F3" location given by the International 10-20 system, F3-rTMS) versus connectivity-guided intermittent theta burst stimulation (cgiTBS) for treatment-resistant depression. This present study reports the acceptability, safety, and tolerability of F3-rTMS versus cgiTBS.

Methods: The present study used quantitative and qualitative methods.

Trajectories of improvement with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant major depression in the BRIGhTMIND trial.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established non-invasive brain stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder, but there is marked inter-individual variability in response. Using latent class growth analysis with session-by-session patient global impression ratings from the recently completed BRIGhTMIND trial, we identified five distinct classes of improvement trajectory during a 20-session treatment course. This included a substantial class of patients noticing delayed onset of improvement.

Magnetic resonance imaging connectivity features associated with response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an FDA-approved neuromodulation treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), thought to work by altering dysfunctional brain connectivity pathways, or by indirectly modulating the activity of subcortical brain regions. Clinical response to TMS remains highly variable, highlighting the need for baseline predictors of response and for understanding brain changes associated with response. This systematic review examined brain connectivity features, and changes in connectivity features, associated with clinical improvement following TMS in MDD.

Allergies, asthma, and sleep problems in adults who stutter.

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that allergies, asthma, and sleep problems are prevalent in those who stutter. This study analyzed similar data for a broad age group of adults who stutter (AWS).

Method: Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed.

Risk of sleep problems in a clinical sample of children who stutter.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown increased prevalence of sleep problems among people who stutter. However, there is a lack of knowledge about what these sleep problems may specifically be.

Method: Fifty children who stutter (CWS) from 6;0 to 12;9 years of age and 50 age- and gender-matched controls participated in this study.

Connectivity-guided intermittent theta burst versus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial.

Disruption in reciprocal connectivity between the right anterior insula and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with depression and may be a target for neuromodulation. In a five-center, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial we personalized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigated connectivity-guided intermittent theta burst stimulation (cgiTBS) at a site based on effective connectivity from the right anterior insula to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We tested its efficacy in reducing the primary outcome depression symptoms measured by the GRID Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item over 8, 16 and 26 weeks, compared with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered at the standard stimulation site (F3) in patients with 'treatment-resistant depression'.

Attributes That Increase Vulnerabilities to Reduced Human Milk Feeding Outcomes Among Babies With Cleft Lip and Palate in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify infant and maternal factors associated with reduced human milk feeding among infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P).

Method: Data collected on mothers and infants admitted to the NICU with CL ± P from the 2018 National Vital Statistics System were used for this study. Chi-square tests of independence and independent-samples tests were used to compare categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively, among two groups of infants admitted to the NICU with CL ± P-those who did and did not receive human milk feeding at discharge.

Can Velopharyngeal MRI be Used in Individuals with Orthodontic Devices?

Objective: To evaluate the influence of common pediatric orthodontic appliances on velopharyngeal (VP) MRI and to compare MR image sequences to determine if sequence parameters impact the visibility of key VP structures commonly assessed in clinical VP MRI.

Design: Participants undergoing orthodontic treatment completed a VP MRI study. Level of distortion caused by orthodontic devices on 8 anatomical sites of interest and using variable MRI sequences was evaluated.

Reactions and responses to anticipation of stuttering and how they contribute to stuttered speech that listeners perceive as fluent - An opinion paper.

The experience of stuttering is wide ranging and includes a variety of perceived and unperceived behaviors and experiences. One of those experiences is anticipation of stuttering. While anticipation of stuttering is commonly discussed in terms of being a prediction of an upcoming event, it has also been equated to an internal realization of stuttering - which is the conceptualization applied here.

Clinical effectiveness of active Alpha-Stim AID versus sham Alpha-Stim AID in major depression in primary care in England (Alpha-Stim-D): a multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Randomised sham-controlled trials of cranial electrostimulation with the Alpha-Stim Anxiety Insomnia and Depression (AID) device have reported improved anxiety and depression symptoms; however, no adequately powered sham-controlled trials in major depression are available. We investigated whether active Alpha-Stim AID is superior to sham Alpha-Stim AID in terms of clinical effectiveness for depression symptoms in major depression.

Methods: The Alpha-Stim-D trial was a multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial, recruiting participants from 25 primary care centres in two regions in England, UK.

Impact of Prenatal Care on Newborn Complications for Infants with Cleft Lip with or Without Cleft Palate.

Objective: To determine the association between prenatal care and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) and examine differences in newborn complications among infants diagnosed with CL ± P as a function of prenatal care.

Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 2018 United States National Vital Statistics System-Natality component (NVSS-N) was used to examine nationwide birth certificate data.

Speech Therapy and Earnings: Economic Benefits for Individuals Who Stutter.

Stuttering is a complex communication disorder with effects that extend beyond difficulty with communication. Negative thoughts and feelings by the person who stutters (PWS), about the disorder or themselves, may potentially lead to detrimental avoidance behaviors which may ultimately alter life choices and participation in life events. One such area is the labor market.

Disparities in Comorbidities in Lung Cancer: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Background: In persons with lung cancer, sex and race are independent predictors of comorbidities and are associated survival. It is unclear how comorbidity profiles differ across sex and race.

Objective: The objective was to examine comorbidity differences between men and women and Blacks and Whites.

Resting-state functional connectivity correlates of anxiety co-morbidity in major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently co-morbid with anxiety disorders. The co-morbid state has poorer functional outcomes and greater resistance to first line treatments, highlighting the need for novel treatment targets. This systematic review examined differences in resting-state brain connectivity associated with anxiety comorbidity in young- and middle-aged adults with MDD, with the aim of identifying novel targets for neuromodulation treatments, as these treatments are thought to work partly by altering dysfunctional connectivity pathways.

Impact of Insurance Status on Initiation of Breast Milk Feeding Among Infants With CL ± P.

To evaluate rates of breast milk feeding among infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) enrolled in Medicaid compared to Private Insurance/Self-Pay. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study. The 2018 US National Vital Statistics System-Natality component (NVSS-N) was used to examine nationwide birth certificate data.

Connectivity-Guided Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Versus Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Moderate to Severe Depression: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Changes for a Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial.

Background: Depression is a substantial health and economic burden. In approximately one-third of patients, depression is resistant to first-line treatment; therefore, it is essential to find alternative treatments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuromodulatory treatment involving the application of magnetic pulses to the brain that is approved in the United Kingdom and the United States in treatment-resistant depression.

Early Nutrition among Infants Admitted to the NICU with Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine differences in human milk feeding outcomes among infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Method: Data were used from a sample of infants admitted to the NICU with and without CLP from the 2018 National Vital Statistics System. For baseline comparisons, Chi-square tests of independence were used to compare categorical variables, and independent samples tests were used for continuous variables.

Sleep duration, insomnia, and stuttering: The relationship in adolescents and young adults.

Purpose: Evidence of a linkage between neurodevelopmental stuttering and sleep difficulties has been suggested in studies involving children and adolescents. To further examine the relationship between stuttering and sleep, the current study explored both hours of sleep and insomnia in a longitudinal sample of adolescents and young adults living with stuttering.

Method: The data for this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative survey study following 13,564 US respondents over the course of 20 years.

Telepractice Treatment for Aphasia: Association Between Clinical Outcomes and Client Satisfaction.

Health services research has demonstrated the association between patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes illustrating the importance of satisfaction in determining favorable treatment outcomes. Despite abundant evidence in the acute care setting, few researchers have explored these associations among patients receiving speech rehabilitation or therapeutic treatment particularly those receiving treatment through nontraditional delivery methods. To examine the satisfaction with a community-based telepractice approach for treating aphasia among stroke survivors who reside in rural areas and assess potential correlations between satisfaction and patient outcomes.

Regional Brain Correlates of Beta Bursts in Health and Psychosis: A Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Background: There is emerging evidence for abnormal beta oscillations in psychosis. Beta oscillations are likely to play a key role in the coordination of sensorimotor information that is crucial to healthy mental function. Growing evidence suggests that beta oscillations typically manifest as transient beta bursts that increase in probability following a motor response, observable as post-movement beta rebound.

Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia.

Introduction: Few studies have reported information related to the cost-effectiveness of traditional face-to-face treatments for aphasia. The emergence and demand for telepractice approaches to aphasia treatment has resulted in an urgent need to understand the costs and cost-benefits of this approach.

Methods: Eighteen stroke survivors with aphasia completed community-based aphasia telerehabilitation treatment, utilizing the Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) delivered via Webex videoconferencing program.