High temperature sensitivity of Arctic isoprene emissions explained by sedges.

It has been widely reported that isoprene emissions from the Arctic ecosystem have a strong temperature response. Here we identify sedges (Carex spp. and Eriophorum spp.

Comparison of Surface Roughness of Different Orthodontic Archwires: Atomic Force Microscopic Study.

Background: Surface roughness (SR) of dental components is significant because it impacts the surface area of the contact surface, which in turn affects corrosion behavior and biological compatibility. Orthodontic archwires (OA) with SR can affect the coefficient of friction, which in turn affects how effectively sliding biomechanics work and how the orthodontic appliance works efficiently.

Aim: The objectives of the present investigation were to examine the SR of five distinct kinds of OA using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and to assess the merits of using AFM to analyze orthodontic materials.

Hyaluronic acid-coated solid lipid nanoparticles enhance antirheumatic activity and reduce toxicity of methotrexate.

Methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but is associated with severe toxicity. To minimize these side effects of MTX, the study was undertaken to explore its delivery using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). MTX-loaded SLNs were synthesized and coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) for targeted drug delivery and evaluated for their safety and efficacy in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model.

Solid lipid nanoparticles for hydrophilic drugs.

Hydrophilic drugs are proficient therapeutic agents however, delivery of these drugs is a difficult task. Hence, developing an efficient drug delivery system may require a multipronged approach. Colloidal drug delivery systems such as emulsions, liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and niosomes are known to enhance drug entrapment, bioavailability, and to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of hydrophilic drugs.

Anxiolytic activity of Psidium guajava in mice subjected to chronic restraint stress and effect on neurotransmitters in brain.

The anxiolytic activity of Psidium guajava L. leaf ethanolic extract (PLE) and its effect on neurotransmitter systems was investigated. PLE, extracted using Soxhlet apparatus, was subjected to preliminary qualitative and quantitative (flavonoids and phenols) analyses.

Induction of drought tolerance in tomato upon the application of ACC deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis Rhizo SF 48.

A total of ten 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing PGPR isolates were selected and evaluated for the induction of drought stress tolerance in tomato. Among the selected PGPR, maximum seed (laboratory) and plant growth promotion (greenhouse) was observed in tomato seeds bacterized with Bacillus subtilis Rhizo SF 48. The genomic study confirmed the presence of ACC deaminase gene in Rhizo SF 48 and the obtained sequence was deposited to the NCBI database with the Accession No.

Anti-depressant activity of Erythrina variegata bark extract and regulation of monoamine oxidase activities in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Erythrina variegata, commonly referred to as 'Indian coral tree' belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is a plant native to the coast of India, China and is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In traditional medicine, E.

Pharmacogenomic assessment of herbal drugs in affective disorders.

Anxiety and depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorders are co-morbid in nature affecting several people across the world. There is an increase in demand for complementary and alternative medicines, specifically herbal botanicals due to various side effects exhibited by conventional drugs. Herbal drugs mentioned in traditional medicines, face acceptance issues by the medical community due to lack of scientific data regarding their neurochemical pathways.

Physicochemical investigation and in vivo activity of anti-malarial drugs co-loaded in Tween 80 niosomes.

Drugs used for the treatment and prevention of malaria are often plagued by the problem of development of resistance. This has hampered their therapeutic efficiency and rendered them ineffective for monotherapy. However, if re-packaged and combined properly, many of these neglected anti-malarial drugs can possibly find their way back into the treatment regime.

Anti-inflammatory evaluation and characterization of leaf extract of Ananas comosus.

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (Pineapple) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit. In the present study, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of A.

Anti-rheumatic activity of Ananas comosus fruit peel extract in a complete Freund's adjuvant rat model.

Context: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disease, which targets synovial joints leading to joint destruction mediated in part by migration of inflammatory cells into the synovial tissue.

Objective: The present study evaluates the anti-rheumatic effect of a methanol extract of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

Combating malaria with nanotechnology-based targeted and combinatorial drug delivery strategies.

Despite the advancement of science, infectious diseases such as malaria remain an ongoing challenge globally. The main reason this disease still remains a menace in many countries around the world is the development of resistance to many of the currently available anti-malarial drugs. While developing new drugs is rather expensive and the prospect of a potent vaccine is still evading our dream of a malaria-free world, one of the feasible options is to package the older drugs in newer ways.

Opportunities and Challenges for Niosomes as Drug Delivery Systems.

Background: With the increase in drug resistance observed in most infectious diseases as well as some forms of cancer, and with the chances of development of new drug molecules to address this issue looking bleak, one of the most plausible ways to disease treatment is combination therapy.

Purpose: Combination therapy would ensure delay in drug resistance, if utilized rationally. However, the biggest difficulty in employing combination therapy are adverse effects due to potential drug-drug interactions and patient compliance due to multiple routes of administration or multiple dosing that may be required.

Bactericidal Effect of Selected Antidiarrhoeal Medicinal Plants on Intracellular Heat-Stable Enterotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli.

Diarrhoeal diseases due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli continue to be a cause of global concern. Medicinal plants have been gaining popularity as promising antidiarrhoeal agents. In the present study, four antidiarrhoeal plants, viz.

Studies on the activity of Cyperus rotundus Linn. tubers against infectious diarrhea.

To study the antidiarrheal activity of the decoction of Cyperus rotundus Linn. tubers using representative assays of diarrheal pathogenesis and understand its mechanism of action.Antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activities were studied.

Incidence of simian crease in normal Nepalese children.

Background: Simian crease is usually associated with some chromosomal anomalies and syndromes but it is also seen in some populations without any chromosomal defects.

Objective: To see the incidence of simian crease in children without chromosomal anomalies and to detect the Ethnic group variations.

Methods: A prospective study in children attending the paediatric outpatient department of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara.

Newer insights into the mechanism of action of Psidium guajava L. leaves in infectious diarrhoea.

Background: Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae, is used widely in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, stomachaches, and indigestion. However, the effect of the leaf extract of P.

Studies on the antidiarrhoeal activity of Aegle marmelos unripe fruit: validating its traditional usage.

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine due to its various medicinal properties. However, despite its traditional usage as an anti-diarrhoeal there is limited information regarding its mode of action in infectious forms of diarrhoea.

Studies on Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre leaves: understanding the mechanism(s) of action in infectious diarrhea.

While data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. Crude decoction of dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of enterotoxins (cholera toxin, CT; Escherichia coli labile toxin, LT; and E. coli stable toxin, ST); and adherence of enteropathogenic E.