An atypical heterotrimeric Gα and its interactome suggest an extra-large role in overcoming abiotic and biotic stress.

Canonical heterotrimeric G-proteins (G-proteins) are comprised of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits. G-proteins regulate multiple crucial plant growth and development processes, incorporating environmental responses. Besides Gα, Gβ and Gγ, the discovery of atypical Gα subunits termed as extra-large G-proteins or extra-large GTP-binding proteins (XLGs) makes G-protein signaling unique in plants.

Emerging role of small GTPases and their interactome in plants to combat abiotic and biotic stress.

Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stress which causes major impediments in their growth and development. It is emerging that small guanosine triphosphatases (small GTPases), also known as monomeric GTP-binding proteins, assist plants in managing environmental stress. Small GTPases function as tightly regulated molecular switches that get activated with the aid of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and deactivated by the subsequent hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP).