Risk factors and protective measures for desmoid tumours in familial adenomatous polyposis: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Familial adenomatous polyposis is a cancer-predisposing syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variants of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, leading to numerous colorectal polyps and a high risk of colorectal cancer. Desmoid tumours have become significant in the management of familial adenomatous polyposis after a colectomy, yet the exact incidence remains undetermined due to a lack of dedicated surveillance.

Methods: This retrospective study accessed data from the prospectively maintained Hereditary Digestive Tumours Registry from 2000 to 2023.

Factors influencing the colorectal surveillance adherence in Lynch Syndrome: A retrospective monocentric study.

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS), an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from germline pathogenic variants in DNA mismatch repair genes, poses an elevated risk of developing different types of cancer, particularly colorectal and endometrial. Early identification of LS individuals is vital for implementing preventive measures. This study aims to assess the adherence rate of LS individuals to colorectal surveillance and identify influencing factors.

The role of diet as adjuvant treatment in FAP patients.

Background: The management of individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) includes invasive prophylactic surgery and intensive endoscopic surveillance to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer. FAP patients frequently ask for dietary recommendations to alleviate bowel disturbances after prophylactic colectomy, and to prevent the formation and growth of new adenomas. We have enriched the multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for FAP with nutritional support.

uL3 Regulates Redox Metabolism and Ferroptosis Sensitivity of p53-Deleted Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the development of drug resistance and metastasis remains a serious concern for the efficacy of chemotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously demonstrated that low expression of ribosomal protein uL3 positively correlates with chemoresistance in CRC patients. Here, we demonstrated that the loss of uL3 increased the metastatic capacity of CRC cells in chick embryos.

Development and Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Novel MDM2/MDM4 Heterodimer Peptide Inhibitors to Enhance 5-Fluorouracil Nucleolar Stress in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) often involves wild-type p53 inactivation by MDM2 and MDM4 overexpression, promoting tumor progression and resistance to 5-fluoruracil (5-FU). Disrupting the MDM2/4 heterodimer can proficiently reactivate p53, sensitizing cancer cells to 5-FU. Herein, we developed 16 peptides based on Pep3 (), the only known peptide acting through this mechanism.

Quality of life after prophylactic surgery for colorectal adenomatous polyposis.

Purpose: Colorectal adenomatous polyposis is characterized by the onset of tens to thousands of adenomas in the colorectal epithelium and, if not treated, leads to a lifetime increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to the general population. Thus, prophylactic surgery is recommended. This study aims to investigate the quality of life of colorectal adenomatous polyposis patients following prophylactic surgery and indirectly compares these findings with those of healthy adults of the normative sample.

De novo germline pathogenic variant in Lynch Syndrome: A rare event or the tip of the iceberg?

Lynch Syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variants or epimutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes. De novo pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes have been described as a rare event in Lynch Syndrome (1-5%), although the prevalence of de novo pathogenic variants in Lynch Syndrome is probably underestimated. The de novo pathogenic variant was identified in a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the caecum with mismatch repair protein deficiency at immunohistochemistry and a synchronous neuroendocrine tumor of the appendix with normal expression of mismatch repair proteins.

Superior rectal artery preservation to reduce anastomotic leak rates in familial adenomatous polyposis patients treated with total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis.

Background: Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC/IRA) is one of the prophylactic surgical options in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This study investigated the effectiveness of superior rectal artery (SRA) preservation during TC/IRA in reducing anastomotic leakage (AL).

Methods: This retrospective study was based on prospectively collected data (01/2000 - 12/2022) at the National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.

Combining β-Carotene with 5-FU via Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Overcome uL3-Mediated Chemoresistance in p53-Deleted Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a major obstacle to the successful treatment of this disease. We have previously identified the ribosomal protein uL3 as a key player in the cell response to 5-FU, and loss of uL3 is associated with 5-FU chemoresistance.

Reply to Serrano et al. Comment on "Colletti et al. Prevalence and Management of Cancer of the Rectal Stump after Total Colectomy and Rectal Sparing in Patients with Familial Polyposis: Results from a Registry-Based Study. 2022, , 298".

We carefully read the comment by Serrano et al. [..

Prevalence and Management of Cancer of the Rectal Stump after Total Colectomy and Rectal Sparing in Patients with Familial Polyposis: Results from a Registry-Based Study.

Background: The balance between quality of life and colorectal cancer risk in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients is of primary importance. A cut-off of less than 30 polyps under 1 cm of diameter in the rectum has been used as an indication for performing ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA) in terms of lower rectal cancer risk. This study aimed to assess clinical and surgical features of FAP patients who developed cancer of the rectal stump.

The relationship between heritability and smoking habits in Crohn's disease. Italian Cooperative Study Group.

Objective: In Crohn's disease (CD), the relationship between genetic predisposition and smoking has not been well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the smoking habits at the time of the diagnosis of CD patients having familial occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with those of some control groups.

Methods: In a multicenter study, 136 CD patients with a relative with IBD, 272 healthy controls matched for sex and age, 500 CD patients without familial occurrence of IBD, and 84 ulcerative colitis patients (UC) with familial occurrence of IBD were personally interviewed about their smoking habits.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory bowel disease.

The rationale for supplementation with n-3 fatty acids to promote the health of the gastrointestinal tract lies in the antiinflammatory effects of these lipid compounds. The first evidence of the importance of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was derived from epidemiologic observations of the low incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Eskimos. The aim of this paper was to briefly review the literature on the use of n-3 fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease), the results of which are controversial.

Comparison of mesalazine suppositories in proctitis and distal proctosigmoiditis.

Background: Mesalazine suppositories at 500 mg b.d. are a safe and effective treatment for patients with ulcerative proctitis or distal proctosigmoiditis.

Comparison of oral with rectal mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative proctitis.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral mesalazine with mesalazine suppositories in patients with active ulcerative proctitis.

Patients And Methods: A four-week, randomized, single-blind trial was performed in 58 patients with active, histologically confirmed ulcerative proctitis (< or = 15 cm) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral 800-mg mesalazine tablets taken three times per day (n = 29) compared with 400 mg of mesalazine suppositories administered three times per day (n = 29). Patients were evaluated at study entry and after two and four weeks.

Controlled trial of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for the prevention of early relapse in Crohn's disease.

Background: Recent data indicate that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is most effective in preventing relapse of Crohn's disease in patients with a short duration of remission before enrollment.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of oral 5-ASA treatment, started immediately after achieving steroid-induced remission, in preventing clinical relapses of Crohn's disease.

Methods: Patients with active Crohn's disease, achieving remission on steroids, were randomized to oral 5-ASA 3 g/day or placebo, while steroids were tapered over 6 weeks.

Long-term efficacy of bismuth carbomer enemas in patients with treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis.

Background: Mucosal inflammation of the ileal pouch (pouchitis) is the major long-term complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, however, 15% of patients with pouchitis have a chronic, treatment-resistant disease.

Aim: To determine the safety and efficacy of bismuth carbomer enemas in achieving and maintaining remission in treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis.

Lack of effect of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated with ulcerative colitis on superoxide anion production from neutrophils.

Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) from patients with vasculitidis can induce neutrophils to release oxygen radicals in vitro. ANCAs with a perinuclear pattern of immunofluorescence are found in most patients with ulcerative colitis, but several findings are against ANCAs having a pathogenetic role in this disease.

Aims: To evaluate the influence of ANCAs associated with ulcerative colitis on the respiratory burst activity of neutrophils.

Relationship between site of disease and familial occurrence in Crohn's disease.

Concordance in the extent of disease among the family members of patients with Crohn's disease has not been widely investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between the site of the disease and familial occurrence has never been studied. Our aim was to evaluate the familial occurrence of Crohn's disease in the various sites.

Systemic availability of 5-aminosalicylic acid: comparison of delayed release and an azo-bond preparation.

Aim: To determine the systemic uptake of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and acetyl-5-ASA (Ac-5-ASA) at steady state during treatment with either an azo-bond preparation, olsalazine, or a delayed-release mesalazine.

Methods: In an open cross-over trial with randomized sequence, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission were given 7-day courses of olsalazine (Dipentum 1.0 g daily) and of mesalazine (Asacol 1.

Effect of an enteric-coated fish-oil preparation on relapses in Crohn's disease.

Background: Patients with Crohn's disease may have periods of remission, interrupted by relapses. Because fish oil has antiinflammatory actions, it could reduce the frequency of relapses, but it is often poorly tolerated because of its unpleasant taste and gastrointestinal side effects.

Methods: We performed a one-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of a new fish-oil preparation in the maintenance of remission in 78 patients with Crohn's disease who had a high risk of relapse.

Factors affecting recurrence in Crohn's disease. Results of a prospective audit.

It has been suggested that certain clinical and morphological features can modify the outcome of Crohn's disease, particularly regarding recurrence after surgery. A series of 233 patients was followed prospectively. They underwent a resectional surgical procedure for both primary and recurrent Crohn's disease during a fifteen-year period with a minimum follow-up of eighteen months.