Validation of Effective Extracellular Vesicles Isolation Methods Adapted to Field Studies in Malaria Endemic Regions.

Malaria affects the poorer regions of the world and is of tremendous health and economic burden for developing countries. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by almost any cells in the human body, including malaria infected red blood cells. Recent evidence shows that EVs might contribute to the pathogenesis of malaria.

γδ T Cells Kill in a Granzyme- and Granulysin-Dependent Mechanism during the Late Blood Stage.

spp., the causative agent of malaria, have a complex life cycle. The exponential growth of the parasites during the blood stage is responsible for almost all malaria-associated morbidity and mortality.

Interactions of human microglia cells with Japanese encephalitis virus.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus causing mortality and morbidity in humans. Severe Japanese encephalitis cases display strong inflammatory responses in the central nervous system and an accumulation of viral particles in specific brain regions. Microglia cells are the unique brain-resident immune cell population with potent migratory functions and have been proposed to act as a viral reservoir for JEV.

Tubular deficiency of von Hippel-Lindau attenuates renal disease progression in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.

In many kidney diseases, the original insult primarily involves the glomerulus and may then pass onto the tubulointerstitium. Several hypotheses link glomerular disease to tubular injury; perhaps the foremost hypothesis involves chronic tubular hypoxia. The reported effects of hypoxia and consecutive stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), however, are controversial.