Stress Response to Bicarbonate Depletion.

Bicarbonate and CO are essential substrates for carboxylation reactions in bacterial central metabolism. In , the bicarbonate transporter, MpsABC (membrane potential-generating system) is the only carbon concentrating system. An deletion mutant can hardly grow in ambient air.

The leaf beetle Chelymorpha alternans propagates a plant pathogen in exchange for pupal protection.

Many insects rely on microbial protection in the early stages of their development. However, in contrast to symbiont-mediated defense of eggs and young instars, the role of microbes in safeguarding pupae remains relatively unexplored, despite the susceptibility of the immobile stage to antagonistic challenges. Here, we outline the importance of symbiosis in ensuring pupal protection by describing a mutualistic partnership between the ascomycete Fusarium oxysporum and Chelymorpha alternans, a leaf beetle.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout enables neutrophilic maturation of primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells of severe congenital neutropenia patients.

A Autosomal-dominant mutations are the most common cause of severe congenital neutropenia. Although the majority of congenital neutropenia patients respond to daily granulocyte colony stimulating factor, approximately 15 % do not respond to this cytokine at doses up to 50 μg/kg/day and approximately 15 % of patients will develop myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia. "Maturation arrest," the failure of the marrow myeloid progenitors to form mature neutrophils, is a consistent feature of associated congenital neutropenia.