Biomarkers in immunonutrition programme, is there still a need for new ones? A brief review.

Background And Aims: Pre-existing malnutrition is one the most important factors affecting postsurgical complications, especially in cancer patients. The consequences of this on the immune function as well as on outcome could be reversed by immunonutrition. To help the clinician as a researcher, a routinely available biomarker (derived from clinical or biological data) would be of great importance.