A significant proportion of classic Hodgkin lymphoma recurrences represents clonally unrelated second primary lymphoma.

Despite high cure rates in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), relapses are observed. Whether relapsed cHL represents second primary lymphoma or an underlying T-cell lymphoma (TCL) mimicking cHL is underinvestigated. To analyze the nature of cHL recurrences, in-depth clonality testing of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements was performed in paired cHL diagnoses and recurrences among 60 patients, supported by targeted mutation analysis of lymphoma-associated genes.

Detection of Second Primary Lymphoma in Late Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Recurrences.

Approximately one-third of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse and often require salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. In most cases, the clonal relationship between the first diagnosis and subsequent relapse is not assessed, thereby potentially missing the identification of second primary lymphoma. In this study, the clonal relationship of 59 paired DLBCL diagnoses and recurrences was established by next-generation sequencing-based detection of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements.

Reclassification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma to large B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement in an adult population.

Aims: Large B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL-IRF4) is a new entity in the 2017 revised World Health Organisation (WHO) classification that was initially mainly reported in children. After identification of a 79-year-old patient, we assessed how often IRF4 rearrangements can be detected in adult diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) which have to be reclassified to LBCL-IRF4 based on fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) for IRF4.

Methods And Results: With FISH, we studied the presence of IRF4 rearrangements in 238 lymphomas that were diagnosed as DLBCL according to the previous WHO classification of 2008.

IRF8 is a transcriptional activator of CD37 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is still incurable in a large fraction of patients. Tetraspanin CD37 is highly expressed on mature B lymphocytes, and multiple CD37-targeting therapies are under clinical development for NHL. However, CD37 expression is nondetectable in ∼50% of DLBCL patients, which correlates with inferior treatment outcome, but the underlying mechanisms for differential CD37 expression in DLBCL are still unknown.

Reassessment of Prostate Biopsy Specimens for Patients Referred for Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy Rarely Influences Surgical Planning.

Background: The minimum volume standard is 100 robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) procedures per hospital in the Netherlands, so patients have to be referred to high-volume surgical centers for RARP. During preoperative work-up, prostate biopsies taken elsewhere are reassessed, with upgrading or downgrading of the initial Gleason grade group a possible consequence.

Objective: To determine if prostate biopsy reassessment leads to adjustment of the surgical plan regarding a nerve-sparing approach and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) during RARP.

Intra-abdominal esophageal duplication cyst: A case report and review of the literature.

Intra-abdominal esophageal duplications are rare entities in adults. They are mostly asymptomatic, but since they can lead to complications surgical excision is advised for all duplication cysts. We present a case of a 20-year-old male with colic-like abdominal pain, mimicking symptoms of cholecystolithiasis.

Sequential immunohistochemistry: a promising new tool for the pathology laboratory.

Aims: Current immunohistochemical methods to study the expression of multiple proteins in a single tissue section suffer from several limitations. In this article, we report on sequential immunohistochemistry (S-IHC), a novel, easy method that allows the study of numerous proteins in a single tissue section, while requiring very limited optimization.

Methods And Results: In S-IHC, a tissue section is stained for multiple antibodies, with intermediate scanning of the section and elution of chromogen and antibodies.

Diagnostic value of histology compared with cytology in transbronchial aspiration samples obtained by histology needle.

Objective: Results from endoscopic needle aspiration [transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), esophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, real-time endobronchial ultrasound] mainly rely on cytology. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the possible advantage of obtaining histologic samples during TBNA in the diagnostic assessment of mediastinal lymph node enlargement.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective study 2 pathologists evaluated all TBNAs from patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement in whom representative histologic and cytologic material was obtained, using only a histology needle.

A panel of p16(INK4A), MIB1 and p53 proteins can distinguish between the 2 pathways leading to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.

Two pathways leading to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exist. The expression of proliferation- and cell-cycle-related biomarkers and the presence of high-risk (hr) HPV might be helpful to distinguish the premalignancies in both pathways. Seventy-five differentiated vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia (VIN)-lesions with adjacent SCC and 45 usual VIN-lesions (32 solitary and 13 with adjacent SCC) were selected, and tested for hr-HPV DNA, using a broad-spectrum HPV detection/genotyping assay (SPF(10)-LiPA), and the immunohistochemical expression of MIB1, p16(INK4A) and p53.

Discovery and validation of protein abundance differences between follicular thyroid neoplasms.

Distinguishing between benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and malignant follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) by cytologic features alone is not possible. Molecular markers may aid distinguishing FTA from FTC in patients with indeterminate cytology. The aim of this study is to define protein abundance differences between FTC from FTA through a discovery (proteomics) and validation (immunohistochemistry) approach.