Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cannabinoids, when co-administered with opioids, may enable reduced opioid doses without loss of analgesic efficacy (ie, an opioid-sparing effect). The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to determine the opioid-sparing potential of cannabinoids. Eligible studies included pre-clinical and clinical studies for which the outcome was either analgesia or opioid dose requirements.

Linking the T cell receptor to the single cell transcriptome in antigen-specific human T cells.

Heterogeneity of T cells is a hallmark of a successful adaptive immune response, harnessing the vast diversity of antigen-specific T cells into a coordinated evolution of effector and memory outcomes. The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse to account for the highly heterogeneous antigenic world. During the response to a virus multiple individual clones of antigen specific CD8+ (Ag-specific) T cells can be identified against a single epitope and multiple epitopes are recognised.

Intraocular Pressure Reduction Is Associated with Reduced Venous Pulsation Pressure.

Purpose: To explore whether alterations in intraocular pressure (IOP) affect vein pulsation properties using ophthalmodynamometric measures of vein pulsation pressure.

Patients And Methods: Glaucoma patients had two retinal vein pulsation pressure (VPP) measurements from upper and lower hemiveins performed by ophthalmodynamometry at least 3 months apart. All subjects had VPP and IOP recorded at two visits, with standard automated perimetry, central corneal thickness (CCT) recorded at the initial visit.

Photoplethysmographic measurement of various retinal vascular pulsation parameters and measurement of the venous phase delay.

Purpose: Retinal vein pulsation properties are altered by glaucoma, intracranial pressure (ICP) changes, and retinal venous occlusion, but measurements are limited to threshold measures or manual observation from video frames. We developed an objective retinal vessel pulsation measurement technique, assessed its repeatability, and used it to determine the phase relations between retinal arteries and veins.

Methods: Twenty-three eyes of 20 glaucoma patients had video photograph recordings from their optic nerve and peripapillary retina.

Spatial modeling of visual field data for assessing glaucoma progression.

Purpose: In order to reduce noise and account for spatial correlation, we applied disease mapping techniques to visual field (VF) data. We compared our calculated rates of progression to other established techniques.

Methods: Conditional autoregressive (CAR) priors, weighted to account for physiologic correlations, were employed to describe spatial and spatiotemporal correlation over the VF.