Morphine in donkeys: Antinociceptive effect and preliminary pharmacokinetics.

Background: Morphine is the prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist used to provide analgesia in veterinary species. Its effects are well-described in horses but not donkeys.

Objectives: To determine the antinociceptive effects of two doses of morphine in donkeys.

Effects of two continuous infusion doses of lidocaine on isoflurane minimum anesthetic concentration in chickens.

Objective: To assess the effect of two intravenous (IV) doses of lidocaine on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in chickens.

Study Design: Blinded, prospective, randomized, experimental crossover study.

Animals: A total of six adult female chickens weighing 1.

Anatomical landmarks for a proximal paravertebral thoracolumbar block in sheep: Cadaver and study.

The objective of this study was to describe the anatomy of the spinal nerves, specifically the last thoracic nerve (T13) and the first to third lumbar nerves (L1 to L3), in order to safely carry out an accurate proximal paravertebral block (PPVB) in sheep. This study consisted of 2 phases. In Phase 1, 7 sheep cadavers were dissected to identify the path and relevant anatomical landmarks of spinal nerves T13 and L1 to L3.

Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in donkeys.

Objective: To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in donkeys and characterize recovery from anesthesia.

Animals: 7 healthy castrated male adult donkeys.

Procedures: Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained under mechanical ventilation with 1.

Describing acid-base balance using three different methods of analysis in a feline acute haemorrhage-resuscitation model.

Objective: To describe acid-base status using the Henderson-Hasselbalch, Stewart and semi-quantitative methods of analysis in a feline haemorrhage-resuscitation model.

Study Design: Randomized crossover study.

Animals: A total of six domestic cats (mean age, 21 months; weight, 4.

Investigation of biomarkers for impending fluid overload in a feline acute haemorrhage-resuscitation model.

Objective: To determine biomarkers for impending fluid overload during intravenous fluid administration in a feline haemorrhage-resuscitation model.

Study Design: Randomized crossover study.

Animals: A group of six domestic cats (mean age and weight: 21 months; 4.

Comparison of Propofol or Isoflurane Anesthesia Maintenance, Combined with a Fentanyl-Lidocaine-Ketamine Constant-Rate Infusion in Goats Undergoing Abomasotomy.

This study aimed to compare, first, the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol or isoflurane anesthetic maintenance in goats receiving a fentanyl-lidocaine-ketamine infusion undergoing abomasotomy and, secondly, to compare the quality of the recovery from anesthesia. Two groups were used: propofol (TIVA) and isoflurane (PIVA). Goats were premedicated with fentanyl (10 μg/kg intravenously [IV]), lidocaine (2 mg/kg, IV), and ketamine (1.

Oxygen reserve index as a noninvasive indicator of arterial partial pressure of oxygen in anaesthetized donkeys: a preliminary study.

Objective: To evaluate the oxygen reserve index (ORI) as a noninvasive estimate of the PaO during moderate hyperoxaemia [100-200 mmHg (13.3-26.6 kPa)], and to determine ORI values identifying PaO > 100, > 150 (20.

Development of a severity scoring system for acute haemorrhage in anaesthetized domestic cats: the CABSS score.

Objective: To determine whether physiological, haematological, biochemical or electrolyte variables can predict severe haemorrhage in cats.

Study Design: Randomized crossover study whereby each cat underwent mild and severe haemorrhage, with a 2 month period between events.

Animals: A group of six domestic cats aged 21 ± 1 months and weighing 4.

Evaluation of xylazine-alfaxalone anesthesia for field castration in donkey foals.

Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine-alfaxalone anesthesia in donkey foals undergoing field castration.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: A group of seven standard donkeys aged [median (range)] 12 (10-26) weeks, weighing 47.

Effects of chemical and mechanical stimulation on laryngeal motion during alfaxalone, thiopentone or propofol anaesthesia in healthy dogs.

Objective: To compare the effect of chemical and mechanical stimulation on arytenoid cartilage motion during anaesthetic induction with alfaxalone, thiopentone or propofol.

Study Design: Masked, randomized, crossover study.

Animals: A group of eight adult Beagle dogs.

Effects of hyaluronidase on ropivacaine or bupivacaine regional anaesthesia of the canine pelvic limb.

Objective: To determine the effect of hyaluronidase on time to onset and offset of anaesthesia in ropivacaine or bupivacaine femoral-ischiatic nerve blocks.

Study Design: Blinded randomized crossover trial.

Animals: Eight dogs.

The minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone during its co-administration with lidocaine at three different doses by constant rate infusion in goats.

Objective: To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone required to prevent purposeful movement in response to standardized stimulation while co-administered with lidocaine at three different doses by constant infusion rate infusion (CRI) in goats.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomized crossover, experimental.

Animals: A total of eight healthy goats: four does and four wethers.

Determination of the minimum infusion rate of propofol required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to a standardized noxious stimulus in goats.

Objective: To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of propofol required to prevent purposeful movement in response to a standardized stimulus in goats.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Animals: Eight healthy goats (four does, four wethers).

Determination of the minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone during its co-administration with fentanyl at three different doses by constant rate infusion intravenously in goats.

Objective: To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to standardized noxious stimulation during its co-administration with fentanyl at three different doses by constant rate infusion (CRI) intravenously (IV) in goats.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomized crossover, experimental.

Animals: Eight healthy goats; four does and four wethers.

Antinociceptive effects of epidural magnesium sulphate alone and in combination with morphine in dogs.

Objective: To compare the antinociceptive effects of magnesium sulphate (MgSO(4)) when administered epidurally alone and in combination with morphine.

Study Design: Experimental, randomized, 'blinded', crossover study.

Animals: Six healthy adult Beagle dogs.

Determination of the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to a standardised noxious stimulus in goats.

Objective: To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone required to prevent purposeful movement of the extremities in response to noxious stimulation.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental.

Animals: Eight healthy goats; four does and four wethers.

Anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine-ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in cats.

Objectives: To compare the anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) medetomidine and ketamine administered alone or combined with morphine or tramadol, for orchiectomy in cats.

Study Design: Randomised, blinded, prospective clinical study.

Animals: Thirty client-owned cats.

Effects of a constant rate infusion of magnesium sulphate in healthy dogs anaesthetized with isoflurane and undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To determine the effects of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulphate (MgSO(4) ) as a bolus followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) on anaesthetic requirements, neuroendocrine stress response to surgery, haemostasis and postoperative analgesia in healthy dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Study Design: Blinded randomized clinical trial.

Animals: Sixteen female dogs.

Comparison of alfaxalone and propofol administered as total intravenous anaesthesia for ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

Objective: To compare the anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone with propofol when used for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) during ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

Study Design: A prospective non-blinded randomized clinical study.

Animals: Fourteen healthy female crossbred bitches, aged 0.

Effects of propofol on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration and cardiovascular function in mechanically ventilated goats.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of propofol, on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and cardiovascular function in mechanically ventilated goats.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental study.

Animals: Six goats, three does and three wethers.

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol-fentanyl and propofol-midazolam combinations in spontaneously-breathing goats.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol and fentanyl, with propofol and midazolam for total intravenous anaesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental study.

Animals: Six goats; three does and three wethers.