What Keeps Night Owls Well During the Week? Sleep Onset Consistency as a Moderator Between Morningness-Eveningness and Adolescent Development.

Objectives: A preference for eveningness - one's perception of being most alert later in the day - is associated with negative developmental outcomes in adolescence. Sleep onset consistency is protective against such outcomes. Toward a more nuanced understanding of relations between sleep-wake processes and adolescent development, we examined weeknight sleep onset consistency as a moderator of relations between eveningness and multiple indicators of development.

Indoor air pollution and airway health.

Because of the disproportionate amount of time that people spend indoors and the complexities of air pollutant exposures found there, indoor air pollution is a growing concern for airway health. Both infiltration of outdoor air pollution into the indoor space and indoor sources (such as smoke from tobacco products, cooking or heating practices and combustion of associated fuels, and household materials) contribute to unique exposure mixtures. Although there is substantial literature on the chemistry of indoor air pollution, research focused on health effects is only beginning to emerge and remains an important area of need to protect public health.

The Impact of Eliminating Out-of-Pocket Payments on Asthma Medication Use.

High costs of controller therapies may be a barrier to guideline-recommended asthma treatment. We determined whether eliminating out-of-pocket (OOP) payments among low-income patients with asthma impacted controller medication use. We applied a controlled interrupted time series design to administrative claims data in British Columbia, Canada from 2017 to 2020.

Onset of efficacy of azelastine hydrochloride 0.15% nasal spray for allergic rhinitis in an environmental exposure chamber.

Background: Azelastine nasal spray is effective in relieving symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.

Objective: To evaluate the time to onset of efficacy of azelastine hydrochloride (HCl) 0.15% vs placebo in participants with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

The contribution of chronic peer victimization in elementary school to depressive symptoms in adolescence.

Throughout his career, John Schulenberg challenged us to understand adolescent development as the confluence of distal and proximal experiences along with critical transitions. Heeding this call, we examined whether chronic childhood peer victimization predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms via early-emerging depression growth trajectories, continued victimization into adolescence, and stress-amplification at the middle school transition. Self-reported depressive symptoms and teacher-reported and self-reported peer victimization were obtained from 636 youth (338 girls; M = 7.

Higher Plasma Omega-3 Levels are Associated With Improved Exacerbation Risk and Respiratory-Specific Quality of Life in COPD.

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with systemic anti-inflammatory responses. Dietary intake of omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has also been associated with lower chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity using self-report food frequency questionnaires.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between measured PUFA intake using plasma EPA+DHA levels and COPD morbidity.

Climate change and health: rethinking public health messaging for wildfire smoke and extreme heat co-exposures.

With the growing climate change crisis, public health agencies and practitioners must increasingly develop guidance documents addressing the public health risks and protective measures associated with multi-hazard events. Our Policy and Practice Review aims to assess current public health guidance and related messaging about co-exposure to wildfire smoke and extreme heat and recommend strengthened messaging to better protect people from these climate-sensitive hazards. We reviewed public health messaging published by governmental agencies between January 2013 and May 2023 in Canada and the United States.

Indoor Air Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution: Health Consequences, Policy, and Recommendations: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Indoor sources of air pollution worsen indoor and outdoor air quality. Thus, identifying and reducing indoor pollutant sources would decrease both indoor and outdoor air pollution, benefit public health, and help address the climate crisis. As outdoor sources come under regulatory control, unregulated indoor sources become a rising percentage of the problem.

Impact of income-based public drug coverage deductibles on adherence to asthma medications.

Background: Cost-related nonadherence to medications can be a barrier to asthma management.

Objective: To quantify the impact of public drug plan deductibles on adherence to asthma medications.

Methods: We used a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity analysis to determine whether thresholds in deductibles for public drug coverage, determined on the basis of annual household income, decreased medication use among lower-income children and adults with asthma in British Columbia from 2013 to 2018.

Air Pollution and Diet: Potential Interacting Exposures in Asthma.

Purpose Of Review: To provide a review of emerging literature describing the impact of diet on the respiratory response to air pollution in asthma.

Recent Findings: Asthma phenotyping (observable characteristics) and endotyping (mechanistic pathways) have increased the specificity of diagnostic and treatment pathways and opened the doors to the identification of subphenotypes with enhanced susceptibility to exposures and interventions. Mechanisms underlying the airway immune response to air pollution are still being defined but include oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of adaptive and innate immune responses, with genetic susceptibility highlighted.

Socioeconomic Disparities, Nighttime Bedroom Temperature, and Children's Sleep.

We investigated associations between family income-to-needs, nighttime bedroom temperature (NBT), and children's sleep. Using a sample of 46 children ( = 11.5), we recorded NBT and objective sleep parameters via actigraphy nightly for one week to evaluate within- (night-to-night) and between-person associations.

PASC in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Self-reported SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon and manifested by long-lasting cognitive, mental, and physical symptoms beyond the acute infection period. We aimed to estimate the frequency of PASC symptoms in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and compared their frequency between those with SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring hospitalization and those who did not require hospitalization.

Methods: A survey consisting of 7 standardized questionnaires was administered to 111 SOT recipients with history of SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed >4 wk before survey administration.

Responding to the Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 Among Latinx Patients in Baltimore: The JHM Latinx Anchor Strategy.

Latinx immigrants have been profoundly impacted by COVID-19. As the Johns Hopkins Health System faced a surge in admissions of limited English proficiency patients with COVID-19, it became evident that an institutional strategy to address the needs of this patient population was needed. The Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM) Latinx Anchor Strategy was established in April 2020 with diverse stakeholder engagement to identify the most urgent community needs and develop timely solutions.

School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Emergencies Associated With Sport and Physical Activities (Part 4)-The Assessment of Pediatric Shoulder and Hip Injuries Utilizing the "SPASMS" Mnemonic.

Sport participation is an important part of the development, both physically and mentally, of children and adolescents in the United States. Illness and injury associated with sport and physical activities may occur in the school setting. Although most sport-related illness and injury in students are considered minor emergencies, life-threatening illnesses or injuries may occur.

Spatial analysis of tobacco outlet density on secondhand smoke exposure and asthma health among children in Baltimore City.

Rationale: Tobacco outlets are concentrated in low-income neighbourhoods; higher tobacco outlet density is associated with increased smoking prevalence. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has significant detrimental effects on childhood asthma. We hypothesised there was an association between higher tobacco outlet density, indoor air pollution and worse childhood asthma.

Cognitive Dysfunction, Psychiatric Distress, and Functional Decline After COVID-19.

Background: There is a limited understanding of the cognitive and psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 during the post-acute phase, particularly among racially and ethnically diverse patients.

Objective: We sought to prospectively characterize cognition, mental health symptoms, and functioning approximately four months after an initial diagnosis of COVID-19 in a racially and ethnically diverse group of patients.

Methods: Approximately four months after COVID-19 diagnosis, patients in the Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team Pulmonary Clinic underwent a clinical telephone-based assessment of cognition, depression, anxiety, trauma, and function.

Pretreatment Lung Function and Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis in NSCLC.

Introduction: Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a serious toxicity of anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 immunotherapy. Whether pretreatment differences in pulmonary function exist in patients who develop CIP is unknown. We analyzed the pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of patients with NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to evaluate whether pretreatment lung function was associated with CIP development.

Dexamethasone-Induced FKBP51 Expression in CD4 T-Lymphocytes Is Uniquely Associated With Worse Asthma Control in Obese Children With Asthma.

Introduction: There is evidence that obesity, a risk factor for asthma severity and morbidity, has a unique asthma phenotype which is less atopic and less responsive to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are important to the immunologic pathways of obese asthma and steroid resistance. However, the cellular source associated with steroid resistance has remained elusive.