Hip arthroscopy and femoroacetabular impingement in the pediatric patient.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is widely understood to be an underlying etiology of injuries to the acetabular labrum and cartilage in the adult hip, although somewhat less attention has previously been spent on its incidence in the pediatric and adolescent populations. Initially recognized as a consequence of periacetabular osteotomies performed for developmental dysplasia of the hip, it can also be because of a number of other disorders or to a developmental process causing irregular bony growth. The adolescent presenting with FAI is athletic, particularly in endeavors placing excessive stress on the hip and surrounding soft tissues.

Detecting Aelurostrongylus abstrusus-specific IgG antibody using an immunofluorescence assay.

Diagnosis of feline lungworm, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, is typically achieved by identifying larvae in feces following concentration through flotation or using the Baermann technique. This work presents observations on the usefulness of an indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for detection of antibodies to this parasite in the sera of infected cats. Using first-stage larvae of A abstrusus and sera from both experimentally and naturally infected cats, it was determined that the test was fairly sensitive and did not cross-react with serum from an Ancylostoma braziliense (hookworm)-infected cat.

Acetabular labral reconstruction with an iliotibial band autograft: outcome and survivorship analysis at minimum 3-year follow-up.

Background: Injury to the acetabular labrum results from multiple causes including femoroacetabular impingement, dysplasia, and acute trauma. The patient's labrum can be reconstructed utilizing an iliotibial band autograft that is tubularized and fixed to the acetabular rim, substituting for the patient's own labrum. Purpose/

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm results of this technique with a follow-up from 3 to 6 years after reconstruction.

Prevalence of increased alpha angles as a measure of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement in youth ice hockey players.

Background: It has been reported that relative to other sports participants, ice hockey players suffer from cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in higher numbers. α angles have been reported to increase with the likelihood of symptomatic FAI. It is unclear how prevalent increased α angles, commonly associated with cam FAI, are in asymptomatic young ice hockey players.

Relationship between femoral anteversion and findings in hips with femoroacetabular impingement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between femoral neck version and pre- and intraoperative findings in hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The authors retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on 188 patients (204 hips) who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI and labral pathology. Femoral version was measured on magnetic resonance imaging by a fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist.

Shape fidelity of native and engineered human nasal septal cartilage.

Objective: To test engineered and native septal cartilage for resistance to deformation and remodeling under sustained bending loads and to determine the effect of bending loads on the biochemical properties of constructs.

Study Design: Prospective, basic science.

Setting: Laboratory.

Flexural properties of native and tissue-engineered human septal cartilage.

Objective: To determine and compare the bending moduli of native and engineered human septal cartilage.

Study Design: Prospective, basic science.

Setting: Research laboratory.

Joint space predicts THA after hip arthroscopy in patients 50 years and older.

Background: All patients considering joint-preserving hip arthroscopy should be educated on the risk of THA after arthroscopy. The degree of radiographic osteoarthritis predicts subsequent THA. To provide patients with the best information, the best radiographic measure that predicts THA after hip arthroscopy should be identified.

Motives to drink or not to drink: longitudinal relations among personality, motives, and alcohol use across adolescence and early adulthood.

Background: Adolescent selective intervention programs for alcohol have focused on the identification of youth at risk as a function of personality and associated alcohol-related cognitions. Research into the role of personality, drinking motivations, and alcohol-related outcomes has generally focused exclusively on motives to drink. We expand on this literature by focusing on both motives to drink and motives not to drink across time from adolescence to early adulthood in a community sample.

Molecular determinants of HIV-1 NCp7 chaperone activity in maturation of the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site.

Human immunodeficiency virus genome dimerization is initiated through an RNA-RNA kissing interaction formed via the dimerization initiation site (DIS) loop sequence, which has been proposed to be converted to a more thermodynamically stable linkage by the viral p7 form of the nucleocapsid protein (NC). Here, we systematically probed the role of specific amino acids of NCp7 in its chaperone activity in the DIS conversion using 2-aminopurine (2-AP) fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Through comparative analysis of NCp7 mutants, the presence of positively charged residues in the N-terminus was found to be essential for both helix destabilization and strand transfer functions.

Ten-year survivorship after knee arthroscopy in patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 and grade 4 osteoarthritis of the knee.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to document 10-year outcomes and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) rate after arthroscopic treatment of knee osteoarthritis and compare survivorship of patients with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 3 and 4 knees.

Methods: Eighty-one knees in 73 patients (49 male, 32 female; mean age, 58 years; range, 37 to 79 years) that underwent an arthroscopic regimen for knee osteoarthritis between August 2000 and November 2001 were included in this institutional review board-approved study. The inclusion criterion was Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 3 or 4 radiographic changes.

A reconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance.

We combined an ensemble of satellite altimetry, interferometry, and gravimetry data sets using common geographical regions, time intervals, and models of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment to estimate the mass balance of Earth's polar ice sheets. We find that there is good agreement between different satellite methods--especially in Greenland and West Antarctica--and that combining satellite data sets leads to greater certainty. Between 1992 and 2011, the ice sheets of Greenland, East Antarctica, West Antarctica, and the Antarctic Peninsula changed in mass by -142 ± 49, +14 ± 43, -65 ± 26, and -20 ± 14 gigatonnes year(-1), respectively.

Improvement in quality of life with use of an unloader knee brace in active patients with OA: a prospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to determine if short form (SF)-12 physical component would increase with unloader brace use. Patient expectations and predictors of significant improvement were determined. Our hypothesis was that patients with unloader braces will have increases in general physical health (SF-12) and function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index [WOMAC]).

Outcomes and revision rate after bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft versus autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients aged 18 years or younger with closed physes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare revision rates and outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts versus BPTB allografts in patients aged 18 years or younger with closed physes.

Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. This study included 90 consecutive patients aged 18 years or younger with closed physes who underwent primary ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon between 1998 and 2009, with either BPTB autograft (n = 70) or BPTB allograft (n = 20).

Barriers to accessing radiation therapy in Canada: a systematic review.

Introduction: Radiation therapy (RT) is effective treatment for curing and palliating cancer, yet concern exists that not all Canadians for whom RT is indicated receive it. Many factors may contribute to suboptimal use of RT. A review of recent Canadian literature was undertaken to identify such barriers.

Outcomes following healing response in older, active patients: a primary anterior cruciate ligament repair technique.

The purpose of this study was to document outcomes following the healing response procedure for treatment of complete, proximal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in a mature, active population. Healing response is an all-arthroscopic procedure that preserves the native ACL and makes use of an arthroscopic awl with a 45-degree angle to make holes in the femoral attachment of the ACL and in the body of the ACL. Patients were included in this IRB-approved study if they were > or =40 years old, had a complete proximal ACL tear, and who had healing response within 6 weeks of initial injury.

Collagen-based layer-by-layer coating on electrospun polymer scaffolds.

Preparation of microfibre constructs of collagen by electrospinning has been problematic due to the instability of collagen in volatile solvents, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, so that electrospinning leads to a substantial amount of gelatin fibres. In the present study we have demonstrated the production of collagen-based microfibre constructs by use of a layer-by-layer coating process onto a preformed synthetic polymer microfibre base. Soluble native collagen, which has a basic isoelectric point, has been used with modified triple-helical collagens that have acidic isoelectric points.

Can Hylan G-F 20 with corticosteroid meet the expectations of osteoarthritis patients?

The purpose of this study was to document expectations and outcomes of active adults suffering from knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent treatment protocol of hyaluronic acid injection series with single injection of corticosteroid at initial injection. Our hypothesis was that patients would have functional improvement and pain relief following treatment, and that this treatment protocol will meet patients' expectations of treatment for knee OA. Forty-seven knees (range, 42-80 years) with a diagnosis of knee OA completed a self-administered questionnaire before and post injection series.

In vivo oxygen tension in human septal cartilage increases with age.

Objectives/hypothesis: Tissue-engineered septal cartilage may provide a source of autologous cartilage for repair of nasal defects. Production of clinically useful neocartilage involves multiple steps that include manipulating the culture environment. Partial pressure of oxygen (ppO(2) ) is a property that has been shown to influence cartilage development.

Culture of human septal chondrocytes in a rotary bioreactor.

Objectives: (1) To show that extracellular matrix deposition in 3-dimensional culture of human septal chondrocytes cultured in a rotary bioreactor is comparable to the deposition achieved under static culture conditions. (2) To demonstrate that the biomechanical properties of human septal chondrocytes cultured in a bioreactor are enhanced with time and are analogous to beads cultured under static culture.

Study Design: Prospective, basic science.

Outcomes 2 to 5 years following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement in the patient aged 11 to 16 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after treatment for femoroacetabular impingement in the pediatric and adolescent population with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up.

Methods: Prospectively collected data on 60 consecutive pediatric and adolescent patients (65 hips), aged 16 years or younger, who underwent hip arthroscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were excluded if they had previous surgery on the hip and if they presented a center-edge angle below 25°.

Inroads to predict in vivo toxicology-an introduction to the eTOX Project.

There is a widespread awareness that the wealth of preclinical toxicity data that the pharmaceutical industry has generated in recent decades is not exploited as efficiently as it could be. Enhanced data availability for compound comparison ("read-across"), or for data mining to build predictive tools, should lead to a more efficient drug development process and contribute to the reduction of animal use (3Rs principle). In order to achieve these goals, a consortium approach, grouping numbers of relevant partners, is required.

Silencing thioredoxin induces liver cancer cell senescence under hypoxia.

Aim:   Although thioredoxin 1 (TXN) has pleiotropic cellular functions as a redox-sensitive protein, very little is known about its role in tumor survival and growth under hypoxia. MHCC97H hepatocellular carcinoma cells have a high metastatic potential and high thioredoxin expression levels compared with their parent cell line, MHCC97. Thus, we used this cell line to explore the functional connections between TXN and hypoxia.

Morphological differentiation of eggs of Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and Ancylostoma braziliense from dogs and cats in the United States.

The establishment of cat- and dog-derived laboratory strains of Ancylostoma braziliense allowed for a morphological comparison of the eggs of A. braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum, and Ancylostoma tubaeforme. The length, width, and perimeter were determined for images of 10 eggs each of A.