We cannot repeat history again: a call to action to centre indigenous leadership as we prepare for the next pandemic.

Indigenous communities worldwide continue to disproportionately bear the burden during pandemics due to ongoing health inequities and systemic exclusion from pandemic decision-making processes. As the global community prepares for the next pandemic, it is critical to prioritise Indigenous leadership and governance within public health responses. This commentary highlights successful models of Indigenous-led pandemic responses during COVID-19 in Canada and Australia.

Histopathological Examination of 404 Sleeve Gastrectomy Specimens at a Large UK Center and Systematic Review of the Published Literature.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) specimens are histologically analyzed to identify incidental pathologies. However, no guidelines recommend routine histology. This study evaluates the clinical utility of LSG sample analysis and if incidental diagnoses have a significant clinical impact.

'At the heart of the community' - a Somali woman's experience of 'alignment' of support to escape social isolation in pregnancy and early motherhood.

Purpose: Stresses in pregnancy and early motherhood can affect women's health and wellbeing, and babies' development. Migrant women face compounding stressors from the intersection of gender, race, social class, migration, and language. We explored one Somali woman's experience of pregnancy and the transition to motherhood, following migration to an urban environment in the Global North, aiming to understand resilience in this specific socio-cultural context.

Keep Right: Inadvertent Placement of a Temporary Pacing Lead in the Left Ventricle.

Inadvertent lead malposition (ILM) of a temporary pacing wire is a rare complication that can occur during pacemaker insertion. We report a case of a 40-year-old man who presented late following an inferior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Temporary cardiac pacing was performed for symptomatic complete heart block.

Natural selection on floral volatiles and other traits can change with snowmelt timing and summer precipitation.

Climate change is disrupting floral traits that mediate mutualistic and antagonistic species interactions. Plastic responses of these traits to multiple shifting conditions may be adaptive, depending on natural selection in new environments. We manipulated snowmelt date over three seasons (3-11 d earlier) in factorial combination with growing-season precipitation (normal, halved, or doubled) to measure plastic responses of volatile emissions and other floral traits in Ipomopsis aggregata.

Do diurnal salivary cortisol curves carry meaningful information about the regulatory biology of the HPA axis in healthy humans?

Salivary cortisol stress biomarkers have been extensively used in epidemiological work to document links between stress and ill health. There has been little effort to ground field friendly cortisol measures in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulatory biology that is likely relevant to delineating mechanistic pathways leading from stress exposure to detrimental health outcomes. Here, we utilized a healthy convenience sample (n = 140) to examine normal linkages between extensively collected salivary cortisol measures and available laboratory probes of HPA axis regulatory biology.

Design and testing of the safety of the SARUS-CPR hood for novice resuscitators.

Background And Aims: Bystanders should be protected against aerosols, droplets, saliva, blood and vomitus during resuscitation after cardiac arrest The SARUS (safer - airway - resuscitation) CPR airway hood™ is a clear plastic cover and integrated mask that envelopes the head and torso. Our objectives were to test leakage using saline aerosol generation tests, then assess the performance of the hood during mock cardio-pulmonary resuscitation on a manikin.

Methods: A checklist was validated by comparing the performance of 10 novices against 10 experts during mock resuscitation.

Selection of Floral Traits by Pollinators and Seed Predators during Sequential Life History Stages.

AbstractOrganismal traits often influence fitness via interactions with multiple species. That selection is not necessarily predictable from pairwise interactions, such as when interactions occur during different life cycle stages. Theoretically, directional selection during two sequential episodes (e.

Coronal Plane Rotation of the Medial Column in Hallux Valgus: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background: We previously reported an increase in pronation of the first metatarsal (M1) head relative to the ground in hallux valgus (HV) patients compared to controls. Still, the origin and location of this hyperpronation along the medial column is unknown. Recent studies showed that presence of progressive collapsing foot deformities (PCFDs), which is a condition frequently associated with HV, can strongly influence the medial column coronal plane alignment.

Earlier snow melt and reduced summer precipitation alter floral traits important to pollination.

Climate change can cause changes in expression of organismal traits that influence fitness. In flowering plants, floral traits can respond to drought, and that phenotypic plasticity has the potential to affect pollination and plant reproductive success. Global climate change is leading to earlier snow melt in snow-dominated ecosystems as well as affecting precipitation during the growing season, but the effects of snow melt timing on floral morphology and rewards remain unknown.

Plant-pollinator interaction niche broadens in response to severe drought perturbations.

The composition of plant-pollinator interactions-i.e., who interacts with whom in diverse communities-is highly dynamic, and we have a very limited understanding of how interaction identities change in response to perturbations in nature.

Childhood maltreatment and within-person associations between cortisol and affective experience.

Glucocorticoids exert profound effects on the brain and behavior, but cortisol concentrations are rarely linked to subjectively reported emotional states in humans. This study examined whether the link between cortisol and subjective anxiety varied by childhood maltreatment history. To do this, 97 individuals (60.

Understanding the impact of high-risk human papillomavirus on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing globally. In Taiwan, HPV-positive OPSCC is obscured by tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid use. We investigated the role of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) in a large retrospective Taiwan OPSCC cohort.

Private vs public child welfare systems: A comparative analysis of national safety outcome performance.

Background: Ensuring the safety of American children is one of the chief mandates of the U.S. Child Welfare System.

Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Major Depressive Episode and Chronic Physical Health in Adolescents: Moderation of Race/Ethnicity.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with health problems in adolescence. However, the moderating role of race/ethnicity is not well understood. The current study examines direct and indirect effects of ACE on major depressive episodes and chronic health outcomes, and the moderating role of race/ethnicity among adolescents who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement.

A surgical orthotopic approach for studying the invasive progression of human bladder cancer.

The invasion of bladder cancer into the sub-urothelial muscle and vasculature are key determinants leading to lethal metastatic progression. However, the molecular basis is poorly understood, partly because of the lack of uncomplicated and reliable models that recapitulate the biology of locally invasive disease. We developed a surgical grafting technique, characterized by a simple, rapid, reproducible and high-efficiency approach, to recapitulate the pathobiological events of human bladder cancer invasion in mice.

All aboard!: Involvement of medical and pharmacy trainees in antimicrobial stewardship.

Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) involves the appropriate selection of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are mandated in hospitals and are expanding to involve outpatient arenas. Multiple articles have been published describing the need for AS education for medical and pharmacy students, beginning early in the students' career to develop into competent AS practitioners.

Variation in context-dependent foraging behavior across pollinators.

Pollinator foraging behavior has direct consequences for plant reproduction and has been implicated in driving floral trait evolution. Exploring the degree to which pollinators exhibit flexibility in foraging behavior will add to a mechanistic understanding of how pollinators can impose selection on plant traits. Although plants have evolved suites of floral traits to attract pollinators, flower color is a particularly important aspect of the floral display.

Physical Abuse and Adolescent Sexual Behaviors: Moderating Effects of Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the direct effects of child physical abuse on sexual behaviors and whether mental health problems and substance use moderated the associations between exposure to child physical abuse and sexual behavioral practices among adolescents who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). The data show statistically significant relationships between physical abuse and risky sexual behaviors for youth who met the clinical criteria for lifetime Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and reported marijuana use. Data from future studies can inform sexual health practice development with adolescents and emerging adults with a history of physical abuse, marijuana use/abuse and PTSD.

Experimental species removals impact the architecture of pollination networks.

Mutualistic networks are key for the creation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet are threatened by global environmental change. Most simulation models assume that network structure remains static after species losses, despite theoretical and empirical reasons to expect dynamic responses. We assessed the effects of experimental single bumblebee species removals on the structure of entire flower visitation networks.

African American Faculty in Social Work Schools: The Impact of Their Scholarship.

Purpose: This study assessed the citation impact of scholarship of African American faculty in the top 25 ranked schools of social work cited in the 2012 U.S. News and World Report.

The psychology of HPA axis activation: Examining subjective emotional distress and control in a phobic fear exposure model.

The HPA axis plays a key role in mediating the effects of "stress" on health, but clarifying mechanisms requires an understanding of psycho-biological linkages. There has long been an implicit assumption that subjective emotional distress (e.g.

Niche partitioning due to adaptive foraging reverses effects of nestedness and connectance on pollination network stability.

Much research debates whether properties of ecological networks such as nestedness and connectance stabilise biological communities while ignoring key behavioural aspects of organisms within these networks. Here, we computationally assess how adaptive foraging (AF) behaviour interacts with network architecture to determine the stability of plant-pollinator networks. We find that AF reverses negative effects of nestedness and positive effects of connectance on the stability of the networks by partitioning the niches among species within guilds.