MRI-based classification of the anatomical variants of the hippocampal head.

Purpose: The head of the hippocampus (H) is classically described as having two to four digitations both in ex vivo specimens and in vivo MR coronal images. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new MR-based classification of the anatomical variants of the hippocampal head in a large sample population of healthy subjects.

Methods: MR images of the brain of 238 young healthy subjects (138 men and 100 women; age range 18-39) were analyzed.

Association between diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms in the Brazilian population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of current depressive symptoms in people with diabetes mellitus and their association with the disease.

Methods: Data were collected from the Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS), a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in 2013. Study participants were selected by simple random cluster sampling in three stages: census tracts, households, and residents aged ≥ 18 years.

Data-driven grading of brain gliomas: a multiparametric MR imaging study.

Purpose: To grade brain gliomas by using a data-driven analysis of multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, taking into account the heterogeneity of the lesions at MR imaging, and to compare these results with the most widespread current radiologic reporting methods.

Materials And Methods: One hundred eighteen patients with histologically confirmed brain gliomas were evaluated retrospectively. Conventional and advanced MR sequences (perfusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion-tensor imaging) were performed.

Modifications of default-mode network connectivity in patients with cerebral glioma.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate connectivity modifications in the Default Mode Network (DMN) in patients with cerebral glioma, and to correlate these modifications to tumor characteristics.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with a left-hemisphere cerebral tumor (14 grade II and 10 grade IV gliomas) and 14 healthy age-matched right-hand volunteers were enrolled in the study. Subjects underwent fMRI while performing language tasks for presurgical mapping.

Reorganization of functional connectivity of the language network in patients with brain gliomas.

Background And Purpose: fcMRI measures spontaneous and synchronous fluctuations of BOLD signal between spatially remote brain regions. The present study investigated potential LN fcMRI modifications induced by left hemisphere brain gliomas.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated fcMRI in 39 right-handed patients with a left hemisphere brain glioma and 13 healthy controls.

Diffusion tensor imaging of subependymal heterotopia.

A magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was performed in a newborn with bilateral subependymal heterotopia (SE). White matter fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were compared to values obtained in four newborns with moderate perinatal asphyxia and normal MRI findings. The reduction of FA and increase of AD and RD in the newborn with SE were the in vivo late expression of alterations in the intermediate zone, with an underlying arrest of neuronal migration.

Comparison of hypothesis- and a novel hybrid data/hypothesis-driven method of functional MR imaging analysis in patients with brain gliomas.

Background And Purpose: An alternative technique, which is less influenced by tumor- and patient-related factors, is required to overcome the limits of GLM analysis of fMRI data in patients. The aim of this study was to statistically assess differences in the identification of language regions and hemispheric lateralization of language function between controls and patients as estimated by both the GLM and a novel combined ICA-GLM procedure.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 42 patients with pathologically confirmed brain gliomas of the left frontal and/or temporoparietal lobes and a control group of 14 age-matched healthy volunteers who underwent BOLD fMRI to lateralize language functions in the cerebral hemispheres.

Functional connectivity MR imaging of the language network in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Subtle linguistic dysfunction and reorganization of the language network were described in patients with epilepsy, suggesting the occurrence of plasticity changes. We used resting state FC-MRI to investigate the effects induced by chronic epilepsy on the connectivity of the language-related brain regions and correlated it with language performance.

Materials And Methods: FC-MRI was evaluated in 22 right-handed patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (11 with LE and 11 with RE) and in 12 healthy volunteers.

Non-alcoholic partially reversible marchiafava-bignami disease: review and relation with reversible splenial lesions. A case report and literature review.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare pathological condition characterized by progressive demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum (CC). MBD occurs in patients with chronic alcoholism although a few non-alcoholic cases have been reported. We describe a non-alcoholic, depressed patient, who developed MBD after psycho-active drug abuse.

New morphologic variants of the hand motor cortex as seen with MR imaging in a large study population.

Background And Purpose: The hand motor cortex (HMC) has been classically described as having an omega or epsilon shape in axial-plane images obtained with CT and MR imaging. The aim of this study was to use MR imaging and Talairach normalization in a large sample population that was homogeneous for age and handedness to evaluate in a sex model a new classification with 5 morphologic variants of the HMC in the axial plane (omega, medially asymmetric epsilon, epsilon, laterally asymmetric epsilon, and null).

Materials And Methods: Structural brain MR images were obtained from 257 right-handed healthy subjects (143 men and 114 women; mean age, 23.