Point-of-care human milk concentration by passive osmosis: comprehensive analysis of fresh human milk samples.

Objective: Preterm infants need enrichment of human milk (HM) for optimal growth. This study evaluated a novel, point-of-care human milk concentration (HMC) process for water removal from fresh HM samples by passive osmotic concentration.

Study Design: Nineteen fresh HM samples were concentrated by incubation with the HMC devices for 3 h at 4 °C.

Thai novice nurses' lived experiences and perspectives of breastfeeding and human milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Background: Breastfeeding and human milk have well-documented health benefits for newborn infants, particularly those who are sick. However, breastfeeding rates and human milk feeding among infants in neonatal intensive units (NICU) in Thailand are still low; thus, breastfeeding promotion and support are required for Thai mothers of premature infants. Newly graduated nurses can play a critical role within the healthcare support system and can have a significant impact on improving breastfeeding practices in the NICU.

Fresh Parent's Own Milk for Preterm Infants: Barriers and Future Opportunities.

While direct at-the-breast feeding is biologically optimal, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission due to infant immaturity or illness often necessitates the expression and storage of parent's milk. The provision of freshly expressed (never stored) parent's own milk to preterm infants is not widely prioritized, and this article provides an exploration of NICU practices and their implications for feeding premature or ill infants with parent's own milk. In this article, we discuss the potential biological benefits of fresh parent's own milk, highlighting its dynamic components and the changes incurred during storage.

Cannabidiol and Intestinal Motility: a Systematic Review.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid extracted from the cannabis plant that is used for medicinal purposes. Ingestion of CBD is claimed to address several pathologies, including gastrointestinal disorders, although limited evidence has been generated thus far to substantiate many of its health claims. Nevertheless, CBD usage as an over-the-counter treatment for gastrointestinal disorders is likely to expand in response to increasing commercial availability, permissive legal status, and acceptance by consumers.

Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides Drive Structure-Specific Syntrophy between Bifidobacterium infantis and Eubacterium hallii within a Modeled Infant Gut Microbiome.

Scope: Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (fHMOs) are metabolized by Bifidobacterium infantis and promote syntrophic interactions between microbiota that colonize the infant gut. The role of fHMO structure on syntrophic interactions and net microbiome function is not yet fully understood.

Methods And Results: Metabolite production and microbial populations are tracked during mono- and co-culture fermentations of 2'fucosyllactose (2'FL) and difucosyllactose (DFL) by two B.

Use of a bDMARD or tsDMARD for the management of inflammatory arthritis under checkpoint inhibitors: an observational study.

Objective: There is limited experience regarding the use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) and JAK inhibitor (JAKi) for the management of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-induced inflammatory arthritis. We aimed to assess their efficacy and safety in this setting.

Methods: Using the Club Rhumatismes and Inflammation French network, we conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study of patients with cancer diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis under ICI(s) and treated with bDMARD or JAKi.

Targeting MDM2 enhances antileukemia immunity after allogeneic transplantation via MHC-II and TRAIL-R1/2 upregulation.

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often achieve remission after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) but subsequently die of relapse driven by leukemia cells resistant to elimination by allogeneic T cells based on decreased major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) expression and apoptosis resistance. Here we demonstrate that mouse-double-minute-2 (MDM2) inhibition can counteract immune evasion of AML. MDM2 inhibition induced MHC class I and II expression in murine and human AML cells.

Correction: Autoacetylation of the Ralstonia solanacearum Effector PopP2 Targets a Lysine Residue Essential for RRS1-R-Mediated Immunity in Arabidopsis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Reducing Admission Hypothermia in Neonates Born at Less Than 32 Weeks or 1500 g.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to decrease admission hypothermia in neonates born at less than 32 weeks or less than 1500 g.

Methods: At delivery, neonates born less than 1500 g or at less than 32 weeks received polyurethane bags, polyurethane hats, and chemical mattresses. New practice guidelines from 2016 promoted this practice for all neonates born at less than 32 weeks, but the authors' prior work indicated that all neonates born less than 1500 g were at risk (regardless of gestational age) and would benefit from these interventions.

Ca-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 Enhances KAT2 Shaker Channel Activity in .

Post-translational regulations of Shaker-like voltage-gated K channels were reported to be essential for rapid responses to environmental stresses in plants. In particular, it has been shown that calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) regulate Shaker channels in plants. Here, the focus was on KAT2, a Shaker channel cloned in the model plant , where is it expressed namely in the vascular tissues of leaves.

UltraSound evaluation in follow-up of urate-lowering therapy in gout phase 2 (USEFUL-2): Duration of flare prophylaxis.

Objectives: To determine whether changes in ultrasonography (US) features of monosodium urate crystal deposition is associated with the number of gouty flares after stopping gout flare prophylaxis.

Methods: We performed a 1-year multicentre prospective study including patients with proven gout and US features of gout. The first phase of the study was a 6-month US follow-up after starting urate-lowering therapy (ULT) with gout flare prophylaxis.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission Temperatures of Infants 1500 g or More: The Cold Truth.

Background: Smaller preterm infants often receive extra attention with implementation of additional thermoregulation interventions in the delivery room. Yet, these bundles of interventions have largely remained understudied in larger infants.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate initial (or admission) temperatures of infants born weighing 1500 g or more with diagnoses requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Ultrasound evaluation in follow-up of urate-lowering therapy in gout: the USEFUL study.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the ability of ultrasonography (US) to show disappearance of urate deposits in gouty patients requiring urate-lowering therapy (ULT).

Methods: We performed a 6-month multicentre prospective study including patients with: proven gout; presence of US features of gout (tophus and/or double contour sign) at the knee and/or first metatarsophalangeal joints; and no current ULT. US evaluations were performed at baseline and at months 3 and 6 (M3, M6) after starting ULT.

Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Outcomes at Six Months in Preterm Infants.

Background:: Preterm mother-infant dyads often face many obstacles to breastfeeding. Preterm infants are at highest risk for low rates of exclusive breastfeeding.

Research Aim:: To determine the prevalence of breastfeeding at 6 months among preterm infants and to identify factors that influenced mothers' breastfeeding practices.

Quality Improvement Initiative to Prevent Admission Hypothermia in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Newborns.

Objective: To decrease rates of admission hypothermia (<36 °C) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns (<1,500 g).

Design: Quality improvement initiative.

Setting/local Problem: Urban, Level IV NICU with 32 patient beds.

Detection of nucleic acid-protein interactions in plant leaves using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

DNA-binding proteins (DNA-BPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) have critical roles in living cells in all kingdoms of life. Various experimental approaches exist for the study of nucleic acid-protein interactions in vitro and in vivo, but the detection of such interactions at the subcellular level remains challenging. Here we describe how to detect nucleic acid-protein interactions in plant leaves by using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach coupled to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).

Stem-Like Cell Characteristics from Breast Milk of Mothers with Preterm Infants as Compared to Mothers with Term Infants.

Purpose: Breast milk stem cells are hypothesized to be involved in infant health and development. Our research team is the first known team to enroll mothers of hospitalized preterm infants during the first few weeks of lactation and compare stem cell phenotypes and gene expression to mothers of healthy full-term infants.

Settings: Participants were recruited from a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (preterm dyads) and the community (full-term dyads) in the northeastern United States.

Direct-breastfeeding in the neonatal intensive care unit and breastfeeding duration for premature infants.

Aim: To explore the relationship between direct-breastfeeding in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and breastfeeding duration after discharge.

Background: Initiating and maintaining breastmilk feeding is an important goal that begins in the NICU. Little is known about direct-breastfeeding in the NICU and its relation to breastfeeding duration.

Breast Milk Stem Cells: Current Science and Implications for Preterm Infants.

Background: The benefits of breast milk are well described, yet the mechanistic details related to how breast milk protects against acute and chronic diseases and optimizes neurodevelopment remain largely unknown. Recently, breast milk was found to contain stem cells that are thought to be involved in infant development.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to synthesize all available research involving the characterization of breast milk stem cells to provide a basis of understanding for what is known and what still needs further exploration.

Calcium- and Nitric Oxide-Dependent Nuclear Accumulation of Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Response to Long Chain Bases in Tobacco BY-2 Cells.

Sphinganine or dihydrosphingosine (d18:0, DHS), one of the most abundant free sphingoid long chain bases (LCBs) in plants, is known to induce a calcium-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In addition, in tobacco BY-2 cells, it has been shown that DHS triggers a rapid production of HO and nitric oxide (NO). Recently, in analogy to what is known in the animal field, plant cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC), a ubiquitous enzyme involved in glycolysis, has been suggested to fulfill other functions associated with its oxidative post-translational modifications such as S-nitrosylation on cysteine residues.

Current practice of neonatal resuscitation documentation in North America: a multi-center retrospective chart review.

Background: To determine the comprehensiveness of neonatal resuscitation documentation and to determine the association of various patient, provider and institutional factors with completeness of neonatal documentation.

Methods: Multi-center retrospective chart review of a sequential sample of very low birth weight infants born in 2013. The description of resuscitation in each infant's record was evaluated for the presence of 29 Resuscitation Data Items and assigned a Number of items documented per record.

Caregiving Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Duration Within a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Increasingly, evidence supports oral feeding of very low birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants exclusively at breast or with breast milk. Despite known breast milk benefits, outcomes related to exclusive breast milk provision are poor. Identifying factors that promote breast milk provision is critical.

Parental oxytocin responses during skin-to-skin contact in pre-term infants.

Objective: Maternal skin-to-skin contact (M-SSC) has been found to reduce adverse consequences of prematurity, however, its neurobiological mechanisms have been unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine oxytocin mechanism in modulating parental stress and anxiety during M-SSC and P-SSC (paternal SSC) with their pre-term infants.

Methods: Twenty-eight stable pre-term infants and their parents (triads) were recruited in a 2-day cross-over study and 26 mothers and 19 fathers completed the study protocol.

Direct-Breastfeeding Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background: The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) presents challenges for breastfeeding, especially with feeding directly at the breast (direct-breastfeeding).

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of direct-breastfeeding and identify factors that are associated with direct-breastfeeding in the NICU.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 88 infants born < 34 weeks gestational age whose mothers provided human milk was conducted.