Out-of-Pocket Costs Burden in Marketplace Plans for People With Diabetes.

Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aims to expand coverage and increase access to health insurance. Despite the increase of insured individuals, there are a number of concerns about whether coverage and care are affordable. Prior studies document a growing concern with rising premiums and cost-sharing, including deductibles, particularly for those with chronic conditions.

Disparities in healthcare-seeking behaviors and associated costs between Venezuelan migrants and Colombians residing in Colombia.

Background: Colombia, which hosts over 3 million of the Venezuelan diaspora, is lauded for its progressive approach to social integration, including providing migrants access to its universal health coverage system. However, barriers to healthcare persist for both migrant and host populations, with poorly understood disparities in healthcare-seeking behaviors and associated costs. This is the first study to link healthcare-seeking behaviors with costs for Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, encompassing costs of missing work or usual activities due to healthcare events.

Start-Up and Implementation Costs for the Trust Based Relational Intervention.

Capturing costs associated with prevention activities related to substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health (MH) is critical. In this study, Trust Based Relational Intervention (TBRI®), an attachment-based, trauma-informed intervention, is conceptualized as a preventive intervention to reduce substance and opioid use among youth involved with the legal system. When implemented alongside community reentry, TBRI leverages family systems as youth transition from secure residential care into communities through emotional guidance and role modeling.

American clusters: using machine learning to understand health and health care disparities in the United States.

Health and health care access in the United States are plagued by high inequality. While machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in clinical settings to inform health care delivery decisions and predict health care utilization, using ML as a research tool to understand health care disparities in the United States and how these are connected to health outcomes, access to health care, and health system organization is less common. We utilized over 650 variables from 24 different databases aggregated by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in their Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) database.

5-HT receptor agonist enhances breakpoint for cocaine on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule during maintenance of self-administration in female rats but reduces breakpoint for sucrose.

Previous research showed that the 5-HT receptor agonist CP94253 enhanced cocaine reinforcement rate during maintenance of daily self-administration (SA), but inhibited reinforcement rate after 21 days of abstinence in male rats. Here we examined whether female rats show similar effects of CP94253 during maintenance as males across estrous cycle phases. Female rats trained on a fixed ratio 5 (FR5) cocaine reinforcement schedule were tested for the effects of CP94253 (5.

5-HT receptor agonist attenuates cocaine self-administration after protracted abstinence and relapse in rats.

Background: The 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) agonist, CP94253, enhances cocaine intake during maintenance of self-administration (SA) but attenuates intake after 21 days of forced abstinence in male rats.

Aims: We examined whether CP94253 attenuates cocaine intake in female rats after a period of abstinence, and if these attenuating effects persist or revert to enhancing cocaine intake during resumption (i.e.