Atazanavir modestly increases plasma levels of raltegravir in healthy subjects.

Raltegravir is an HIV integrase inhibitor that is metabolized through glucuronidation by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, and its use is anticipated in combination with atazanavir (a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 inhibitor). Two pharmacokinetic studies of healthy subjects assessed the effect of multiple-dose atazanavir or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir on raltegravir levels in plasma. Atazanavir and atazanavir plus ritonavir modestly increase plasma levels of raltegravir.

Effect of levetiracetam on cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects: a single-dose, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, four-way crossover study.

Background: Nonantiarrhythmic drugs may have the potential to prolong the QT interval, leading to potentially fatal ventricular tachycardias, including torsades de pointes.

Objective: This study evaluated the potential of the newer-generation, multiple-action antiepileptic drug levetiracetam, which binds to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, to affect cardiac repolarization, as detected by prolongation of the QT/corrected QT (QTc) interval.

Methods: This was a single-dose, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, 4-way crossover study in healthy subjects.

Pharmacokinetics, disposition, and metabolism of bicifadine in humans.

Bicifadine [DOV 220,075; (+/-)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane HCl)] is a non-narcotic analgesic that has proven to be effective for the treatment of acute pain in clinical studies.

Metabolism and hemoglobin adduct formation of acrylamide in humans.

Acrylamide (AM), used in the manufacture of polyacrylamide and grouting agents, is produced during the cooking of foods. Workplace exposure to AM can occur through the dermal and inhalation routes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the metabolism of AM in humans following oral administration, to compare hemoglobin adduct formation on oral and dermal administration, and to measure hormone levels.

Percutaneous penetration of Aldara cream, 5% during the topical treatment of genital and perianal warts.

Objective: The objective of this single-center, open-label trial was to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of Aldara (imiquimod) cream, 5% when applied topically to patients with anogenital warts using a more frequent/aggressive dosing regimen.Methods: Ten otherwise healthy males and six otherwise healthy, nonpregnant, nonlactating females with histology results suggestive of, or diagnostic of, human papilloma virus/condyloma acuminata were enrolled. Females were required to be practicing an acceptable form of contraception control.

Pharmacokinetics of quinupristin-dalfopristin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Quinupristin-dalfopristin may be useful for treatment of organisms causing peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, including methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The pharmacokinetic profiles of single intravenous doses of this combination streptogramin antibiotic of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight were characterized for eight noninfected patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Steady-state and dynamic MR angiography with MS-325: initial experience in humans.

Purpose: To evaluate the imaging performance and patient tolerance of a blood-pool contrast agent (MS-325) for magnetic resonance (MR) angiography.

Materials And Methods: Imaging of peripheral and carotid vessels was performed in seven healthy volunteers in a phase I clinical trial of the gadolinium chelate MS-325. Each volunteer received an intravenous injection of 0.

Non-surgical uterine flushing for the recovery of preimplantation embryos in rhesus monkeys: Lack of seasonal infertility.

A non-surgical uterine flushing technique was employed to recover rhesus monkey preimplantation embryos during April--September, a period thought to be associated with reduced fertility. A total of 22 females of proven fertility, maintained indoors under strict light and temperature control, were employed for the study in which 72 menstrual cycles were monitored. The average length of their menstrual cycle was 27.

Urinary and plasma gonadotropin concentrations in golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus r. rosalia).

This paper describes the development and validation of a plasma and urinary gonadotropin immunoassay for golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), an endangered New World callitrichid primate. The assay is derived from a macaque chorionic gonadotropin assay and was validated for both plasma and urine samples in L. rosalia.

The secretion of bioactive and immunoreactive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) throughout the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

The present study provides the first evaluation of related changes in serum levels of bioactive FSH (Bio FSH) and immunoreactive FSH (iFSH), and concurrent dynamics of LH and FSH bioactivity throughout the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey. Mean concentrations of Bio FSH were elevated on days 0 and 1 (n = 7; P < 0.05; day 0 = preovulatory LH surge).

Increase in follicle stimulating hormone content occurs in cultured human fetal pituitary cells exposed to gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

To investigate the mechanisms by which GnRH regulates FSH production in the human fetus, dispersed pituitary cells from second trimester human fetuses were cultured on surface-modified plates. Exposure of cells to GnRH [(10(-8) and 10(-7) mol/L), study I] or [D-Ala6]des-Gly10-GnRH ethylamide (DALA) [(10(-11) to 10(-7) mol/L), study II] for 48 h resulted in an elevation of total FSH which correlated with an increase in releasable, but not nonreleasable, FSH. When pituitary cells were incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h with and without 10(-8) mol/L GnRH (study III), total FSH was significantly increased in cells cultured for 48-72 h without GnRH compared to cells lysed at the beginning of the incubation (p less than 0.

Regulation of the biopotency of primate luteinizing hormone by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vitro and in vivo.

Gonadotropin biological/immunological (B/I) ratios have proven to be valuable indicators of the biopotencies of LH and FSH. Observations of rapidly changing LH B/I have been made which suggest the existence of a readily mobilized pool of highly bioactive pituitary gonadotropins. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the role of GnRH in the regulation of LH B/I in vivo and in vitro.

Urinary excretion of oestrone conjugates and gonadotrophins during pregnancy in the Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii).

Oestrone conjugate and LH/CG were measured in the urine of 4 Goeldi's monkeys during 6 pregnancies. The gestational length was a mean of 148.8 days from the post-partum LH/CG peak to parturition.

Reproductive performance and excretion of urinary estrogens and gonadotropins in the female pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea).

By retrospective review of colony records and determinations of urinary hormones we have described the reproductive profile of the female pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea). The pygmy marmoset is a nonseasonal breeder and gives birth to twins 76% of the time with single births occurring 16% and triplet births 8% of the time. Interbirth intervals ranged from 149-746 days.

Ovarian cyclicity, hormones, and behavior as markers of aging in female pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina).

Age-related differences in reproductive function were studied to identify variables suitable for a battery of noninvasive tests used to measure aging rate. Twenty-seven adult female pigtailed macaques, ranging in age from 8 to 31 years, were studied in a cross-sectional design. Perineal tumescence, menses, and activity in the home environment were recorded daily.

Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release during the progesterone-induced LH surge in the female rhesus monkey.

LH pulses during the progesterone (P)-induced LH surge were examined in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated female monkeys. Animals received a 2.5-mg P or oil injection 24 h after administration of 30 micrograms estradiol benzoate.

Urinary gonadotropin and estrogen excretion during the postpartum estrus, conception, and pregnancy in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus).

Hormonal profiles during postpartum estrus, time of conception, and pregnancy were determined in urine samples from six cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus). Noninvasive collection techniques permitted daily sampling throughout lactation and pregnancy. Urinary estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and both bioactive and immunoreactive luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) measures revealed an interval of 19 ± 2.

Developmental changes in the luteinizing hormone secretory pattern in peripubertal female rhesus monkeys: comparisons between gonadally intact and ovariectomized animals.

Developmental changes in LH release patterns were observed longitudinally in female rhesus monkeys at 10-65 months of age. The average ages of menarche and first ovulation in this experiment (n = 14) were 31.1 +/- 2.

Serum progesterone and corpus luteum function in pregnant pigtailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina).

Corpus luteum (CL) function and control during pregnancy and early lactation in the pigtailed macaque was investigated. Peripheral concentrations of progesterone (P) on day 10 of pregnancy were 12.98 +/- 2.

Effects of discrete lesions of preoptic and suprachiasmatic structures in the female rat. Alterations in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

The purpose of this study was to determine which specific structures within the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area are necessary to maintain cyclic ovulation in the rat, and to define the deifcit(s) in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion associated with lesions that result in anovulation. Large (approximately 1.1 mm dia.