Guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMTs) for chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes (CKD + T2D): Translation of lessons learned from the management of heart failure.

Although guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is an evidence-based, proven approach to manage chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes (CKD + T2DM), adherence is low and multifactorial. Opportunities exist to improve care delivery, thus delaying disease progression, avoiding unnecessary costs, and potentially improving quality of life for patients both diagnosed and yet to be diagnosed.

Clinical and Economic Correlates of Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Essential Tremor.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is among the most common movement disorders, yet there are few treatment options. Medications have limited efficacy and adverse effects; thus, patients often discontinue pharmacotherapy or take several medications in combination. We evaluated the economic correlates (healthcare resource utilization [HCRU] and costs) and comorbidities among adults with and without ET and among subgroups of patients with ET prescribed 0 to ≥3 ET medications.

Cost-effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) for the prevention of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with cancer.

Purpose: Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of all approved granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), including filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, as primary febrile neutropenia (FN) prophylaxis in patients receiving high- or intermediate-risk regimens (in those with additional patient risk factors). Previous studies have examined G-CSF cost-effectiveness by cancer type in patients with a high baseline risk of FN. This study evaluated patients with breast cancer (BC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) receiving therapy who were at intermediate risk for FN and compared primary prophylaxis (PP) and secondary prophylaxis (SP) using biosimilar filgrastim or biosimilar pegfilgrastim in Austria, France, and Germany.

Impact of health system specialty pharmacies on total cost of care in cancer treatment, a multisite review.

Introduction: Integrated delivery networks can use medically integrated dispensing of oral oncolytics on site through health system specialty pharmacies. There is little published research examining cost savings. Our objective was to demonstrate the financial value of health system specialty pharmacies among patients receiving oral oncolytics dispensed through fully, partially, and non-integrated dispensing strategies.

Clinical impact of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Forty percent of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS) transform to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This retrospective study assessed the impact of HR-MDS transformation to AML on OS in a 6-month landmark analysis and the results were validated using a time-varying analysis. The rate of AML transformation was 26.

Economic Impact of Transformation to Acute Myeloid Leukemia Among Actively Managed Patients with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes in the United States.

Introduction: Transformation of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may be associated with increased healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs. To describe this economic impact, HCRU and costs were compared between US patients who experienced transformation to AML and those who did not.

Methods: Using the Optum administrative claims data, this retrospective matched cohort study identified patients (≥ 18 years old) with higher-risk MDS who initiated first-line therapy between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2019.

Duration of frontline therapy and impact on clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients not receiving frontline stem cell transplant.

Background: Extended first-line therapy (1LT) has improved clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). This retrospective study of NDMM patients evaluated the relationship between dose-attenuation of 1LT and duration of therapy (DOT) and DOT on outcomes.

Methods: Adults with NDMM not undergoing stem cell transplant (SCT) from January 1, 2012 toMarch 31, 2018 from the Integrated Oncology Network were included; 300 were randomly selected for chart review.

The Impact of Baseline Risk Factors on the Incidence of Febrile Neutropenia in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy with Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis: A Real-World Data Analysis.

There are sparse data addressing whether standard risk factors for febrile neutropenia (FN) are relevant in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy and primary prophylaxis for FN, which would have implications for variables to consider during real-world comparative analyses of FN incidence. To assess the impact of baseline patient-specific risk factors and regimen risk on the incidence of FN in patients receiving pegfilgrastim primary prophylaxis. This was a retrospective observational study in patients with breast cancer (BC) who received myelosuppressive chemotherapy and prophylactic pegfilgrastim identified January 1, 2017-May 31, 2018 from MarketScan® research databases.

Economic and clinical outcomes of pegfilgrastim via prefilled syringe vs on-body injector: a real-world data analysis.

Pegfilgrastim is available as a prefilled syringe (PFS) and an on-body injector (OBI). Whether the administration method of pegfilgrastim affects the effectiveness and health care resources has not been evaluated in the setting of routine care. To compare real-world clinical and economic outcomes between PFS and OBI methods of administration.

The effects of oral anticancer parity laws on out-of-pocket spending and adherence among commercially insured patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Over the past 12 years, 43 states and Washington DC have implemented oral anticancer medication parity laws in response to the burden of pharmacy cost sharing. Parity laws are designed to provide equal coverage and cost sharing between orally and parenterally administered anticancer medications for patients in commercial, fully insured health plans (FIHPs). However, there is considerable state-level variation in the requirements to achieve compliance with parity laws, and the clinical and economic effectiveness of parity is not fully known.

Current status of biomarker testing in historically rare, high-unmet-need tumors: soft tissue sarcomas and thyroid cancers.

: The development of precision medicine and targeted therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. Historically, treatment was chosen based on the tumor-histology, but can now be tailored to patient-specific biomarkers. Investigations have shown up to 40% of cancer patients who undergo molecular testing have an actionable biomarker with a drug currently available, and that patients benefit from these drugs.