Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are lipid-soluble, endogenously produced gaseous messenger molecules collectively known as gasotransmitters. Over the last several decades, gasotransmitters have emerged as potent cytoprotective mediators in various models of tissue and cellular injury. Specifically, when used at physiological levels, the exogenous and endogenous manipulation of these three gases has been shown to modulate ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing a number of cytoprotective mechanisms including: induction of vasodilatation, inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, induction of antioxidants, and inhibition of inflammation.
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