Treatment of lidocaine-refractory ventricular tachycardia using procainamide in an anesthetized horse.

Objective: To highlight the use of procainamide as a potential alternative treatment modality in cases of ventricular tachycardia that are refractory to lidocaine and magnesium sulfate.

Animal: 1 adult horse weighing 380 kg.

Clinical Presentation, Progression, And Procedures: A 25-year-old Arabian gelding presented with severe colic signs.

Endoscope-assisted three-wire technique for extensive nasal septum resection in horses.

Objective: To describe a 3-wire method with endoscopic guidance for extensive nasal septum resection.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Sample Population: Thirteen horses with nasal septum diseases.