GI Dysfunctions in Diabetic Gastroenteropathy, Their Relationships With Symptoms, and Effects of a GLP-1 Antagonist.

Context: Delayed gastric emptying (GE) is common but often asymptomatic in diabetes. The relationship between symptoms, glycemia, and neurohormonal functions, including glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1), are unclear.

Objectives: To assess whether GE disturbances, symptoms during a GE study, and symptoms during enteral lipid infusion explain daily symptoms and whether GLP-1 mediates symptoms during enteral lipid infusion.