Clinician accuracy in identifying essential laryngeal landmarks on swallowing fluoroscopy.

Objective: Identification of anatomical landmarks is essential for interpretation of video fluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS). This investigation sought to confirm the location of essential laryngeal landmarks and determine clinician accuracy in structure identification on VFSS.

Methods: A single human cadaver was used to generate unmarked standard lateral and anterior-posterior (AP) fluoroscopic images.

Sustainable healthcare in medical education: survey of the student perspectives at a UK medical school.

Background: It is now a General Medical Council requirement to incorporate education for sustainable healthcare (ESH) into medical curricula. To date, research has focussed on the perspectives of educators and which sustainable healthcare topics to include in teaching. Therefore, due to this gap in the literature, we have investigated the perspectives of medical students in the UK regarding current and future incorporation of ESH in medical education.

Dispersed Bone Spicules as a Cause of Postoperative Headache after Retrosigmoid Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: A Myth?

 Dispersion of bone dust in the posterior fossa during retrosigmoid craniectomy for vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection could be a source of meningeal irritation and lead to development of persistent postoperative headaches (POH). We aim to determine risk factors, including whether the presence of bone spicules that influence POH after retrosigmoid VS resection.  Present study is a retrospective case series.

Maintaining training progression in remote-working junior doctors.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in periods of remote working for some junior doctors, due to shielding and clinical vulnerability. This report offers practical guidance for junior doctors and their supervisors on how to make a period of remote working safe and effective, while maintaining education, training progression and morale. We outline specific challenges and practicalities that should be considered prior to commencing remote working and discuss what tasks and activities are best suited to a remote-working junior doctor.

Delayed Facial Nerve Palsy Following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: Clinical and Surgical Characteristics.

Objective: Analyze delayed facial nerve palsy (DFNP) following resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) to describe distinct characteristics and facial nerve (FN) functional course.

Study Design: Prospective cohort with retrospective review.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Oncologic outcomes of human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx carcinoma treated with surgery alone: A 12-institution study of 344 patients.

Background: The oncologic outcomes of surgery alone for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition (AJCC 7th) pN2a and pN2b human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC) are not clear.

Methods: The authors performed a 12-institution retrospective study of 344 consecutive patients with HPV+OPSCC (AJCC 7th pT0-3 N3 M0) treated with surgery alone with 6 months or more of follow-up using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: The 2-year outcomes for the entire cohort were 91% (182 of 200) disease-free survival (DFS), 100% (200 of 200) disease-specific survival (DSS), and 98% (200 of 204) overall survival (OS).

Novel Implementation of Virtual Interviews for Otolaryngology Resident Selection: Reflections Relevant to the COVID-19 Era.

To address financial and scheduling conflicts associated with residency interviews for otolaryngology candidates, our residency program implemented virtual interviews as an alternative to the traditional in-person format for our visiting subinterns during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 interview cycles. Applicants then completed an anonymous survey about their interview experience. We found that, overall, positive attitudes toward virtual interviews increased among 2019-2020 candidates as compared with the year prior.

Pre-clinical remote undergraduate medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study.

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated a sudden transition to remote learning in medical schools. We aimed to assess perceptions of remote learning among pre-clinical medical students and subsequently to identify pros and cons of remote learning, as well as uncover gaps to address in ongoing curricular development.

Methods: A survey was distributed to first- and second-year medical students at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine in March 2020.

Isolated Incudostapedial Cholesteatomas: Unique Radiologic and Surgical Features.

Objectives: Congenital cholesteatomas originate from epithelial tissue present within the middle ear in patients with an intact tympanic membrane, no history of otologic surgery, otorrhea, or tympanic membrane perforation. They are diagnosed by a pearl-like lesion on otoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan showing an expansile soft-tissue mass. We describe a series of patients with no prior otologic history presenting with progressive unilateral conductive hearing loss and normal otoscopy.

Student Perspectives on Remote Medical Education in Clinical Core Clerkships During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To assess student perceptions of remote learning curricula implemented by clinical clerkships at a single US medical school during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Students enrolled in core clinical clerkships at the UC San Diego School of Medicine from March to April 2020 were sent an anonymous online survey, assessing components of remote learning curricula via quantitative rating and free-response questions.

Results: Of 132 students enrolled, 96 (73%) completed the survey.

Clinical Predictors of Facial Nerve Outcomes After Surgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: To identify clinical predictors of facial nerve (FN) outcomes after microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Association of subjective olfactory dysfunction and 12-item odor identification testing in ambulatory COVID-19 patients.

Background: Acute loss of smell and taste are well-recognized symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the correlation between self-reported and psychophysical olfactory function remains unclear. Understanding the reliability of self-reported smell loss in ambulatory cases can assess the utility of this screening measure.

Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study evaluating patient-reported and measured olfactory function using the validated 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) was conducted on adult outpatients with COVID-19.

Pre-Clinical Remote Undergraduate Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study .

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a sudden transition to remote learning in medical schools. We aimed to assess student perceptions of remote learning during the pre-clinical curricular training phase. A survey was distributed to first- and second-year medical students enrolled at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine in March 2020.

Electric scooter craniofacial trauma.

Objective: The use of standing electronic scooters associated with micromobility applications (e-scooters) has risen nationally. The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed view of soft tissue and bony craniofacial injury associated with e-scooter-related trauma.

Methods: Single-institution retrospective case series of patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center emergency department or trauma unit with documented e-scooter-related craniofacial injury.

Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter.

Objective: To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. To describe the effect of mass media communications on Twitter and Google Search user trends.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Prevalence of acute neurology: a 2-week snapshot in a district general hospital.

Neurological illnesses are a common cause of hospital admissions, yet most patients are not primarily managed by neurologists. Acute neurology service provision varies across the UK. This study aimed to establish the number of neurological admissions during a 2-week period in a district general hospital, as well as the proportion of those patients who were seen by the hyperacute neurology team.

Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis: A Case Illustrating Natural History over 17 Years of Radiologic Surveillance.

Background: Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is a rare central nervous system lesion that can occur in both the brain and the spine. Although this entity is poorly understood, radiologic and histological features have been identified.

Case Description: We report a unique case of a 31-year-old patient who was managed with antiepileptic medication for 17 years before requiring neurosurgical intervention for tumor progression.

Causal Learning Across Culture and Socioeconomic Status.

Extensive research has explored the ability of young children to learn about the causal structure of the world from patterns of evidence. These studies, however, have been conducted with middle-class samples from North America and Europe. In the present study, low-income Peruvian 4- and 5-year-olds and adults, low-income U.

Breakfast time blackouts.

We present the case of a 16-year-old girl who suffered from repeated episodes of collapse and loss of consciousness which could be provoked by undertaking a stretching manoeuvre comprising a combined breath hold and neck torsion. A review of the literature is provided on other cases of so-called "stretch syncope" which appears to be a rare form of reflex syncope affecting patients in adolescence.