Neighborhood-scale lead (Pb) speciation in Akron, Ohio (USA) soils: primary sources, post-deposition diagenesis, and high concentrations of labile Pb.

Lead (Pb) poses a significant risk to infants and children through exposure to contaminated soil and dust. However, there is a lack of information on Pb speciation and distribution at the neighborhood-scale. This work aimed to determine: (1) the distribution of acid-extractable (labile) Pb and other metals ([M]) in two neighborhoods in Akron, Ohio (USA) (Summit Lake and West Akron; n = 82 samples); and (2) Pb speciation and potential sources.

Early Prelicensure Nursing Students' Perceptions of Case Studies Through the Lens of the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model.

Background: Research indicates new nursing graduates struggle with clinical reasoning, despite some related skill development throughout their education. The question remains, "Could an earlier focus on clinical reasoning in nursing programs enhance nursing students' clinical reasoning?"

Purpose: This pilot study investigated how first-semester nursing students perceive the use of case studies in clinical reasoning skill development and the perceived benefits of case studies related to the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (NCJMM).

Methods: Case studies and written reflections were introduced to a convenience sample (n = 45) of first-semester nursing students.