Placental abruption: Incidence and risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.

Aim: To estimate the incidence of abruption in first births and recurrence in the subsequent birth in patients of a large US-based integrated health care system.

Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study of patients with first two consecutive singleton births using data from the Kaiser-Permanente South California health care system who delivered over a period of 30 years (1991-2021), using longitudinally linked electronic health records. ICD-9/ICD-10 codes "641.

Collaboration between Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Neonatology When Counseling at Extreme Prematurity.

Enhanced communication between maternal-fetal medicine (MFM)/obstetrics and neonatology regarding counseling at extreme prematurity remains an essential element of prenatal consultations. Together, the obstetrician and neonatologist can collaborate to provide timely and synergistic information to affected couples during a dynamic period, combining their expertise to elucidate values and formulate a plan that best supports the pregnant person and partner's goals. Such collaboration can help resolve differing perspectives between specialties, minimize redundancy and inconsistencies, and mitigate the impact of clinician bias.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Childbearing Adult and Newborn.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often affects people in their childbearing years and has implications for pregnancy outcomes, particularly as related to increased risk of preterm delivery and effects of immunosuppressive medications on the fetus. Ideally, people with IBD should attempt conception at a time when their disease is in remission to optimize pregnancy outcomes and reduce risks of flares. Generally, pregnant individuals should continue immunosuppressive medications throughout gestation in an attempt to control the disease.

Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) refers to the range of pathologic adherence of the placenta to the uterine myometrium, including the placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. The incidence of PAS is rising primarily because of an increase in related risk factors, such as the rate of cesarean deliveries and pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technology. The maternal risks associated with PAS are significant, including hemorrhage, hysterectomy, and death.

Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian Origin - A report of two cases at one institution.

•FATWOs are rare gynecologic neoplasms of low malignant potential derived from mesonephric (Wolffian) duct remnants.•FATWOs have diverse presentations from vague abdominal symptoms to incidental diagnosis.•In general, FATWOs require no additional management beyond initial surgical intervention.

Hepatitis C virus infects rhesus macaque hepatocytes and simianized mice.

Unlabelled: At least 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Owing to the narrow host range of HCV and restricted use of chimpanzees, there is currently no suitable animal model for HCV pathogenesis studies or the development of a HCV vaccine. To identify cellular determinants of interspecies transmission and establish a novel immunocompetent model system, we examined the ability of HCV to infect hepatocytes from a small nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

Broadly neutralizing antibodies abrogate established hepatitis C virus infection.

In most exposed individuals, hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes a chronic infection; this long-term infection in turn contributes to the development of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of antibodies directed against HCV in disease progression is poorly understood. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can prevent HCV infection in vitro and in animal models.

Completion of the entire hepatitis C virus life cycle in genetically humanized mice.

More than 130 million people worldwide chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at risk of developing severe liver disease. Antiviral treatments are only partially effective against HCV infection, and a vaccine is not available. Development of more efficient therapies has been hampered by the lack of a small animal model.

Characterization of human antiviral adaptive immune responses during hepatotropic virus infection in HLA-transgenic human immune system mice.

Humanized mice have emerged as a promising model to study human immunity in vivo. Although they are susceptible to many pathogens exhibiting an almost exclusive human tropism, human immune responses to infection remain functionally impaired. It has recently been demonstrated that the expression of HLA molecules improves human immunity to lymphotropic virus infections in humanized mice.

Recapitulation of the hepatitis C virus life-cycle in engineered murine cell lines.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major medical problem. In-depth study of HCV pathogenesis and immune responses is hampered by the lack of suitable small animal models. The narrow host range of HCV remains incompletely understood.

Expression of heterologous proteins flanked by NS3-4A cleavage sites within the hepatitis C virus polyprotein.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) contributes substantially to human morbidity and mortality world-wide. The development of HCV genomes expressing heterologous proteins has enhanced the ability to study viral infection, but existing systems have drawbacks. Recombinant viruses often require adaptive mutations to compensate for reduced viral titers, or rely on an artificial genomic organization that uncouples viral protein expression from recombinant gene expression.

A mouse model for HIV-1 entry.

Passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 can prevent infection in macaques and seems to delay HIV-1 rebound in humans. Anti-HIV antibodies are therefore of great interest for vaccine design. However, the basis for their in vivo activity has been difficult to evaluate systematically because of a paucity of small animal models for HIV infection.