Implementation and impact of NHS-funded tobacco dependence services in England: a mixed-method evaluation protocol.

Introduction: Tobacco smoking remains a leading cause of ill-health, premature mortality and a driver of health inequalities. To support smokers in England, a comprehensive approach to treating tobacco dependence is being implemented. This includes offering support to all people admitted to hospitals, as well as women and pregnant people within NHS settings.

The experiences of patients with oesophageal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy treatment: a qualitative study embedded in the SCOPE2 trial.

Objectives: This qualitative study explored patients' experiences and perceptions of the SCOPE2 trial. SCOPE2 examined radiotherapy dose escalation in patients with inoperable oesophageal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT).

Setting: Recruitment at five clinical sites in England and Wales, UK.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes of Gender-Affirming Masculinizing Chest Reconstruction.

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) is often used in surgical settings to determine patients' risk of complications. In the context of gender-affirming care, BMI requirements for surgery can limit access to necessary care for larger-bodied people. There is a critical need to understand the association between BMI and postoperative outcomes for this population.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 12-month automated text message intervention for weight management in postpartum women with overweight or obesity: protocol for the Supporting MumS (SMS) multisite, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The reproductive years can increase women's weight-related risk. Evidence for effective postpartum weight management interventions is lacking and engaging women during this life stage is challenging. Following a promising pilot evaluation of the Supporting MumS intervention, we assess if theory-based and bidirectional text messages to support diet and physical activity behaviour change for weight loss and weight loss maintenance, are effective and cost-effective for weight change in postpartum women with overweight or obesity, compared with an active control arm receiving text messages on child health and development.

A mixed-method study evaluating an innovative care model for rural patients undergoing outpatient breast surgery.

Background: The Delta Oasis program was launched in New Brunswick in 2006 to offer patients from rural areas who were undergoing breast cancer surgery and their families 1 night of free accommodations and a postoperative consultation with an extramural nurse. We sought to investigate patient experiences with this program.

Methods: This mixed-method retrospective study took place from 2020 to 2022 and compared the preoperative anxiety and quality of recovery of program participants and control patients who were discharged home over 100 km from hospital.

Effects of presentation level on speech-on-speech masking by voice-gender difference and spatial separation between talkers.

Many previous studies have reported that speech segregation performance in multi-talker environments can be enhanced by two major acoustic cues: (1) voice-characteristic differences between talkers; (2) spatial separation between talkers. Here, the improvement they can provide for speech segregation is referred to as "release from masking." The goal of this study was to investigate how masking release performance with two cues is affected by various target presentation levels.

Lower body mass and lower adiposity are associated with differential responses to two treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: To determine if body mass index (BMI) and adipokine levels identify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients most likely to benefit from initiation of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) after methotrexate inadequate response.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Comparison of Active Treatments (RACAT) trial and the (TEAR) trial. Both studies compared treatment strategies starting with conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (triple therapy) versus etanercept plus methotrexate.

Show them what they can't see! An evaluation of the use of customized 3D printed models in head and neck anatomy.

Difficulty in visualizing anatomical structures has been identified as a challenge in anatomy learning and the emergence of three-dimensional printed models (3DPMs) offers a potential solution. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 3DPMs for learning the arterial supply of the head and neck region. One hundred eighty-four undergraduate medical students were randomly assigned to one of four learning modalities including wet specimen, digital model, 3DPM, and textbook image.

Factors Associated With Antiretroviral Adherence Among Youth Living With HIV.

Background: Youth living with HIV (YLH) have an increased risk for psychosocial stressors that can affect their antiretroviral (ARV) adherence. We examined factors associated with self-reported ARV adherence among YLH ages 12-24 years old.

Setting: YLH (N = 147) were recruited in Los Angeles, CA, and New Orleans, LA from 2017 to 2020.

J. Claude Bennett, MD: Scholar, Physician, and Leader.

Dr Claude Bennett provided local, national, and international leadership in rheumatology when it was developing as a subspecialty of internal medicine. His early contributions included work in helping to understand at the molecular level how antibodies are formed. Under his leadership, UAB grew into a nationally respected institution known for its high-quality clinical care, impactful research, and outstanding training programs.

Muscle Inflammation Susceptibility: A Potential Phenotype for Guiding Precision Rehabilitation After Total Hip Arthroplasty in End-Stage Osteoarthritis.

The progression of osteoarthritis of the hip to its end stage and ultimately to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is complex; the multifactorial pathophysiology involves myriad collaborating tissues in and around the diseased joint. We have named the heightened state of periarticular muscle inflammation at the time of surgery "muscle inflammation susceptibility" (MuIS) because it is distinct from systemic inflammation. In this review article, we discuss how MuIS and heightened atrophy-associated signaling in the periarticular skeletal muscles may contribute to reduced muscle mass, impaired muscle quality (ie, through fibrosis), and a muscle microenvironment that challenges regenerative capacity and thus functional recovery from THA.

Born in Bradford's Better Start (BiBBS) interventional birth cohort study: Interim cohort profile.

The Born in Bradford's Better Start (BiBBS) interventional birth cohort study was designed as an innovative cohort platform for efficient evaluation of early life interventions delivered through the Better Start Bradford programme. There are a growing number of interventional cohorts being implemented internationally. This paper provides an interim analysis of BiBBS in order to share learning about the feasibility and value of this method.

Cystic fibrosis autoantibody signatures associate with lung infection or cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.

Introduction: While cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent inflammation and infections and chronic inflammatory diseases are often accompanied by autoimmunity, autoimmune reactivity in CF has not been studied in depth.

Methods: In this work we undertook an unbiased approach to explore the systemic autoantibody repertoire in CF using autoantibody microarrays.

Results And Discussion: Our results show higher levels of several new autoantibodies in the blood of people with CF (PwCF) compared to control subjects.

How should multiple myeloma research change in a patient-oriented world? Findings and lessons from the pan-Canadian myeloma priority setting partnership.

Background: Over the last decade there has been considerable research into the treatment, management, and quality of life of people living with multiple myeloma. However, there has been limited investigation into topics deemed important to patients and caregivers within this community. We conducted a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to establish the 'Top 10 Priorities for Myeloma Research', informed by patient and public partners.

Efficacy of early PET-CT directed switch to carboplatin and paclitaxel based definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with oesophageal cancer who have a poor early response to induction cisplatin and capecitabine in the UK: a multi-centre randomised controlled phase II trial.

Background: The utility of early metabolic response assessment to guide selection of the systemic component of definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for oesophageal cancer is uncertain.

Methods: In this multi-centre, randomised, open-label, phase II substudy of the radiotherapy dose-escalation SCOPE2 trial we evaluated the role of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) at day 14 of cycle 1 of three-weekly induction cis/cap (cisplatin (60 mg/m)/capecitabine (625 mg/m days 1-21)) in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or adenocarcinoma (OAC). Non-responders, who had a less than 35% reduction in maximum standardised uptake value (SUV) from pre-treatment baseline, were randomly assigned to continue cis/cap or switch to car/pac (carboplatin AUC 5/paclitaxel 175 mg/m) for a further induction cycle, then concurrently with radiotherapy over 25 fractions.

Hypertension severity, apparent treatment resistant hypertension and hyperuricemia in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Background: Prior studies have identified an association between hypertension and hyperuricemia; however, there has been limited research on the association between hypertension severity and hyperuricemia.

Method: We studied 997 Black and white adults with serum urate data from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study. Hypertension was defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication.

Talking Trials: An arts-based exploration of attitudes to clinical trials amongst minority ethnic members of the South Riverside Community of Cardiff.

Introduction: Clinical trials must include diverse participants to ensure the wide applicability of results. However, people from ethnic minorities are included in clinical trials at rates lower than expected given their share of the population. Working with South Riverside Community Development Centre (SRCDC), Talking Trials used public engagement to foster discussions around the underrepresentation of those from minority ethnic communities in clinical trials and to identify and address concerns surrounding trial participation.

Trends in Outcomes and Variation by Race and Ethnicity in Pediatric Plastic Surgery in the United States.

Unlabelled: The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric Data manages a multicenter dataset for monitoring outcomes in pediatric surgical care. We explored trends in outcomes in the most frequently sampled current procedural terminology codes related to craniofacial and cleft lip and palate (CLP) surgical procedures over a 7-year period.

Methods: We used National Surgical Quality Improvement Project-Pediatric Data on 28,147 pediatric patients who underwent plastic surgical procedures between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018.

Quantitative Spatial Mapping of Axons Across Cortical Regions to Assess Axonal Sprouting After Stroke.

Neurological disease such as a stroke causes death of brain tissue and loss of connectivity. Paradoxically, the stroke itself induces growth of new axonal collaterals, a phenomenon that is restrained in the normal adult brain. Enhancements in sprouting of axons have been linked with enhancements in motor function.

Caffeine Delays Ethanol-Induced Sedation in .

Caffeine and ethanol are among the most widely available and commonly consumed psychoactive substances. Both interact with adenosine receptor-mediated signaling which regulates numerous neurological processes including sleep and waking behaviors. In mammals, caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist and thus acts as a stimulant.

2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases.

Objective: To provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of vaccinations in children and adults with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).

Methods: This guideline follows American College of Rheumatology (ACR) policy guiding management of conflicts of interest and disclosures and the ACR guideline development process, which includes the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. It also adheres to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria.

2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases.

Objective: To provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of vaccinations in children and adults with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).

Methods: This guideline follows American College of Rheumatology (ACR) policy guiding management of conflicts of interest and disclosures and the ACR guideline development process, which includes the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. It also adheres to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria.

Developing pharmacists' competencies in Saudi Arabia: A proposed national competency framework to support initial education and professional development.

Introduction: With the currently accelerating changes in pharmacists' roles in Saudi Arabia, evidence-based developmental tools are required to guide initial pharmacy education and define competencies for early career (foundation level) pharmacists' progression. This study aimed to develop a profession-wide competency framework for foundation level pharmacists in Saudi Arabia using the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) as the source framework.

Methods: An online nominal group technique was used to develop consensus on a profession-wide national competency framework in Saudi Arabia.