[Detection and prevention of mental and motor disorders in childhood. 4. The group of children which were studied].

The authors submit basic data on a group of cca 11,000 children included in a research project Detection and reduction of sensory and motor disorders in childhood. The children were examined at time intervals fixed in advance (when care was initiated, during the 4th, 8th, 12th and 36th month of age). The reduction of the number of children in the course of three years, commonly encountered, is smaller than in the majority of longitudinal studies.

[Detection and prevention of mental and motor disorders in childhood. 3. Synopsis of a longitudinal study].

The submitted study is a brief account of theoretical and methodological solutions of a research project "Detection and reduction of sensory and motor disorders in childhood". In this research project the effectiveness of preventive examinations is assessed. It is focused on obtaining objective data on the incidence and prevalence of sensory and motor disorders.

[Detection and reduction of mental and motor disorders in childhood. 2. Fundamentals and risks in longitudinal research in pediatrics].

The study characterizes basic types of longitudinal research designs for the long-term follow-up of children in health and disease. First the authors mention briefly the principles and disadvantages of cross-sectional research designs. Then they present a detailed account of methods of longitudinal research projects, evaluation of their advantages and their risks.

[Prevention and reduction of psychological and motor defects in childhood. II. Advantages and risks of longitudinal studies in pediatrics].

The presented investigation characterized the general types of longitudinal projects focused on the long-term follow-up of children in health and disease. First the authors outline briefly the principles and disadvantages of cross-sectional projects. Then follows an account on the methodology of longitudinal projects, evaluation of their advantages and their multiple risks.

[Prague's study of illegitimate children, part 2. Changes in mothers' family status].

The authors examine changes in the status of 327 single mothers in Czechoslovakia as part of a long-term study on the development of children born to unmarried parents. "There prevails the tendency to conclude marriage with [the] father or at least to live in a permanent union with another man. The number of single [mothers] remains rather low and the tendency towards creating matrimonial families thus predominates.

[Prevention and reduction of sensory and motor disorders in childhood. Formulation of the problem].

At present the Scientific and Research Laboratory of Preventive and Social Medicine is concerned with an extensive longitudinal research "Detection and reduction of sensory and motor disorders". Specialists from various paediatrics disciplines and some 200 health community paediatricians from six districts on the CR and SSR participate in the research. The research comprises children born in these districts in one calendar year.

[The needs of a child from the social pediatric viewpoint].

A survey is given on biological, psychic and social basic needs of a child. Their realization and advancement by the paediatrician are drawn up to be a special request.

Life frustration in cardiovascular patients.

A different structure of values and life frustrations was observed in subjects with psychosomatic disease than in healthy subjects. The subjects with ischemic disease were affected mostly in the sphere of working and existential needs, whereas their family and social relations were not disturbed, and they were not frustrated in the sphere of material needs, either. On the other hand subjects with ulcer disease felt much more affected in social relations and in primary material needs.

Structure of life frustrations in subjects prone to ischemic heart disease.

Men, exhibiting risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (hypertension, family history, smoking, diabetes, retinal angiopathy, hypercholesterolaemia) reported to be less frustrated practically in all spheres of life than non-risk men. In women the overall difference was less conspicuous but the structure of frustrations somewhat differed. The IHD-prone women were more frustrated in the sphere of material needs and of assessment of their own health, which suggests that in them a certain feeling of illness is yet developing.