Effect of anatomical studies prior to medical school on medical school anatomy study success and residency choice.

Introduction: There is little research on how medical school matriculants' experiences prior to medical school effects their choice of specialty or performance in medical school. This research attempts to fill that gap in research in regards to surgical and radiological fields.

Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to fourth year medical students asking them their background in anatomy studies prior to medical school and their anatomy grades in medical school and interest in surgical and radiological fields.

Cost-effectiveness of routine type and screens in select urological surgeries.

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of obtaining a preoperative type and screen (T/S) for common urologic procedures.

Methods: A decision tree model was constructed to track surgical patients undergoing two preoperative blood ordering strategies as follows: obtaining a preoperative T/S versus not doing so. The model was applied to the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data, from January 1, 2006 to September 30, 2015.