Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Outcomes in a Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort, 2009-2021.

Objective: To describe characteristics associated with survival for pediatric patients with an oncologic diagnosis or hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective study.

Setting: Sixteen PICUs in the United States and Israel.

Case Report: Congenital tuberculosis in a premature infant requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Congenital tuberculosis is a rare infectious disease with less than 500 cases documented worldwide. Mortality is significant, ranging from 34 to 53%, and death without treatment is inevitable. Patients exhibit nonspecific symptoms such as fever, cough, respiratory distress, feeding intolerance, and irritability which can make appropriate diagnosis challenging in Peng et al.

2021 Year in Review: Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation.

Mechanical ventilation is commonly used in the pediatric intensive care unit. This paper reviews studies of pediatric mechanical ventilation published in 2021. Topics include physiology, ventilator modes, alarms, disease states, airway suctioning, ventilator liberation, prolonged ventilation, and others.

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is primarily used in neonates but may also have a role in the treatment of infants with congenital heart disease and severe respiratory failure. We hypothesized that HFJV would result in improved gas exchange in these infants.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all pediatric patients with complex congenital heart disease treated HFJV in our pediatric cardiac ICU between 2014 and 2018.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill neonatal and pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure: a guide for the clinician.

: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for neonatal and pediatric respiratory failure continues to demonstrate improving outcomes, largely due to advances in technology along with refined management strategies despite mounting patient acuity and complexity. Successful use of ECMO requires thoughtful initiation and candidacy strategies, along with reducing the risk of ventilator induced lung injury and the progression to multiorgan failure.: This review describes current ECMO management strategies for neonatal and pediatric patients with acute refractory respiratory failure and summarizes relevant published literature.

Anticoagulation and Transfusion Management During Neonatal and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Survey of Medical Directors in the United States.

Objectives: To compare current practices within the United States of anticoagulation management and blood transfusion in neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients with a 2013 international report.

Design: Cross-sectional survey distributed between August and December 2019.

Setting: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization-registered neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers in the United States.

Pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety considerations for the use of antifungal drugs in the neonatal population.

Introduction: Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, particularly in extreme prematurity. Successful systemic treatment requires consideration of antifungal efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics, including optimization of dosing in this population.

Areas Covered: This review summarizes published pharmacokinetic data on four classes of antifungal agents used in the neonatal population.

Histoplasmosis Myocarditis in an Immunocompetent Host After a Recreational Mud Run.

Mud runs are an increasingly popular recreational fitness activity across the United States, combining a running race through an obstacle course with submersion in mud. Recent reports estimate 4 million people have participated in these types of events over the last 5 years. We describe an atypical case of myocarditis and multiorgan failure from disseminated histoplasmosis in a previously healthy pediatric patient, likely acquired during participation in a mud run.