Nicotine addiction and the influence of life adversity and acute stress on PYY: Prediction of early smoking relapse.

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with earlier initiation and maintenance of tobacco smoking and with a greater risk of subsequent relapse. There is growing evidence that appetite hormones, including peptide YY (PYY), which modulates craving and satiety responses, play a role in stress and addiction processes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between ELA and circulating PYY stress responses in smokers and nonsmokers (N = 152, ages 19-73 years) to examine the effects of nicotine addiction.

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal and autonomic nervous system biomarkers of stress and tobacco relapse: Review of the research.

Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for countless diseases, and smoking relapse remains a major public health concern. Subjective reports of stress by smokers are a common theme for relapse, however, the role of objective stress-related biomarkers in predicting tobacco relapse risk has been less studied. The aim of this manuscript was to review existing literature on the connection between biomarkers of stress and smoking relapse.

Impact of Early-Life Adversity on Cannabis Use: Exploring the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Chronic Pain.

Although research suggests that early-life adversity (ELA) and cannabis use are linked, researchers have not established factors that mediate or modify this relationship. Identifying such factors could help in developing targeted interventions. We explored chronic pain as a potential mediator or moderator of this relationship.

Biobehavioral and affective stress responses during nicotine withdrawal: Influence of regular cannabis co-use.

Background: Co-use of cannabis is increasing in nicotine users and presents additional challenges in addressing nicotine dependence. This study examined the links between regular co-use of cannabis and nicotine with biobehavioral and affective changes in response to stress during nicotine withdrawal and ad libitum use.

Methods: Participants (N = 79) who regularly used nicotine-only, cannabis-only, both substances, or neither substance were invited to attend two laboratory stress assessment sessions.

Early life adversity and substance use: The mediating role of mood and the moderating role of impulsivity.

Introduction: Early life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for substance use and misuse, and multiple factors mediate and moderate this association. We examined whether moods mediate the relationships between ELA and nicotine use, cannabis use, and co-use, and whether these mediation effects varied as a function of delay discounting.

Methods: A total of 2555 adults completed a delay discounting task and responded to questions related to demographics, ELA, mood, and substance use.

Uncertainty and psychological distress during COVID-19: What about protective factors?

Unlabelled: The present study examined the relationship between perceived uncertainty and depression/ anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and it tested the moderating roles of resilience and perceived social support in this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 31st and May 15th, 2020, using an online, multi-language, international survey built within Qualtrics. We collected data on sociodemographic features, perceived uncertainty, perceived social support, depression and anxiety symptoms, and resilience.

Effects of regular cannabis and nicotine use on acute stress responses: chronic nicotine, but not cannabis use, is associated with blunted adrenocortical and cardiovascular responses to stress.

Rationale: Cannabis is one of the most prevalent substances used by tobacco smokers and, in light of the growing list of states and territories legalizing cannabis, it is expected that co-use of cannabis and nicotine will escalate significantly and will lead to continuing challenges with tobacco use.

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the interactive effects of chronic cannabis and nicotine use on adrenocortical, cardiovascular, and psychological responses to stress and to explore sex differences in these effects.

Methods: Participants (N = 231) included cannabis-only users, nicotine-only users, co-users of both substances, and a non/light-user comparison group.

Stress and COVID-19 related behaviours: The mediating role of delay discounting.

We examined stress as a predictor of behaviours related to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) through its effects on delay discounting. Adults (N = 3686) completed an online survey with a behavioural measure of delay discounting and questions regarding stress, physical distancing, and stockpiling of food and supplies. Stress was weakly, but positively, correlated with delay discounting (p < 0.

Early life adversity and appetite hormones: The effects of smoking status, nicotine withdrawal, and relapse on ghrelin and peptide YY during smoking cessation.

There is evidence suggesting that ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) modulate stress responses and the rewarding effects of drugs, although no research has examined the impact of exposure to early life stress on these hormones in smokers nor during smoking cessation. This study examined the relationships between early life adversity (ELA) and circulating ghrelin and PYY during ad libitum smoking and early withdrawal in tobacco smokers (N = 98) who were interested in cessation. We also included a comparison group of nonsmokers (N = 36).

Resilience and the Role of Depressed and Anxious Mood in the Relationship Between Perceived Social Isolation and Perceived Sleep Quality During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of depressed and anxious mood in the relationship between perceived social isolation and perceived sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also aimed to investigate the moderating role of psychological resilience in this mediation.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of adults (18+ years old) was conducted using an online, multi-language, international survey between March 31 and May 15, 2020.

Effects of tobacco addiction on links between early life adversities, sleep disturbance, and depression: A moderated mediation approach.

Despite the well-established relationship between early life adversities (ELA) and depression, the underlying mechanisms for this link remain less clear and need to be developed. The aim of this study was to advance our understanding of this link by testing the mediating role of sleep disturbances and the moderating role of tobacco use in this mediation. A total of 579 smokers and non-smokers were recruited in two US communities (Duluth and Minneapolis, MN).

Blunted opioid regulation of the HPA stress response during nicotine withdrawal: therapeutic implications.

Endogenous opioids regulate pain, drug reward, and stress responses. We have previously shown reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to psychological stress and to opioid blockade among dependent smokers. In this study, we examined the extent to which biologically confirmed nicotine withdrawal alters endogenous opioid regulation of HPA axis functioning during rest and in response to acute stress.

Regular cannabis use is associated with blunted affective, but not cardiovascular, stress responses.

Aims: To examine the potential impact of regular cannabis use on cardiovascular and subjective responses to acute stress.

Design: We used a quasi-experimental design in which subjective states and cardiovascular measures were obtained during rest and in response to acute stress challenges in a sample of regular cannabis users and non-users.

Participants: Seventy-nine adults (forty-five cannabis users and thirty-four non-users).

The Impact of Personal Metaphors and Memorable Interpersonal Communication on Body Satisfaction.

Memorable messages about body size can have profound negative psychological and emotional effects on body image and personal health. We found that both men and women recalled more negative than positive memorable messages about their body appearance and size. Participants who reported receiving negative memorable messages also revealed stronger current body dissatisfaction and poorer self-image than participants who reported positive memorable messages.