Diagnosis and Management of Hypertensive Heart Disease: Incorporating 2023 European Society of Hypertension and 2024 European Society of Cardiology Guideline Updates.

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) continues to be a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the evolution of evidence-based management strategies. This literature review examines the most recent updates from the 2023 and 2024 hypertension guidelines issued by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). These guidelines are compared with previous key recommendations, such as the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines.

Bridging the Gaps in Atrial Fibrillation Management in the Emergency Department.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently presents in emergency departments (EDs), contributing significantly to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Despite established guidelines, ED management of AF often varies, revealing important gaps in care. This review addresses specific challenges in AF management for patients in the ED, including the nuances of rate versus rhythm control, the timing of anticoagulation initiation, and patient disposition.

Investigating Inherited Heart Diseases Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models.

Inherited heart diseases (IHDs) are caused by genetic mutations that disrupt the physiological structure and function of the heart. Understanding the mechanisms behind these diseases is crucial for developing personalised interventions in cardiovascular medicine. Development of induced pluripotent stem cells, which can then be differentiated to any nucleated adult cell type, has enabled the creation of personalised single-cell and multicellular models, providing unprecedented insights into the pathophysiology of IHDs.

A continuous aggregated accumulation model of recognition judgments.

In recognition, -responses are understood to be based on recollection, and -responses are understood to be based on familiarity. Two kinds of models have been proposed for the process by which recognition decisions are made. In single-process models, familiarity and recollection are integrated, and there is a single criterion for recognition.

TinyNS: Platform-Aware Neurosymbolic Auto Tiny Machine Learning.

Machine learning at the extreme edge has enabled a plethora of intelligent, time-critical, and remote applications. However, deploying interpretable artificial intelligence systems that can perform high-level symbolic reasoning and satisfy the underlying system rules and physics within the tight platform resource constraints is challenging. In this paper, we introduce TinyNS, the first platform-aware neurosymbolic architecture search framework for joint optimization of symbolic and neural operators.

Cerebellum and Aging: Update and Challenges.

The cerebellum plays a vital role in the aging process. With the aging of the cerebellum, there is a decline in balance and motor function, particularly fine motor skills, and an increased risk of falling. However, in recent years, numerous studies have revealed that the cerebellum has several roles besides balance and fine motor skills, such as cognitive function and memory.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Past, present, and future.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a ground-breaking, minimally invasive alternative to traditional open-heart surgery, primarily designed for elderly patients initially considered unsuitable for surgical intervention due to severe aortic stenosis. As a result of successful large-scale trials, TAVR is now being routinely applied to a broader spectrum of patients. In deciding between TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement, clinicians evaluate various factors, including patient suitability and anatomy through preprocedural imaging, which guides prosthetic valve sizing and access site selection.

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis treated with prophylactic laminoplasty prior to radiation to the spinal cord: a case report.

Background: A cervical laminoplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat moderate-to-severe cervical stenosis resulting in cervical myelopathy. It is performed to widen the spinal canal and reduce compression on the spinal cord and surrounding nerves. Though often performed electively on patients presenting with varying degrees of neurologic dysfunction including weakness and imbalance, it may also be used prophylactically when spinal cord inflammation or edema is anticipated.

Leveraging deep learning models to understand the daily experience of anxiety in teenagers over the course of a year.

Introduction: Anxiety disorders are a prevalent and severe problem that are often developed early in life and can disrupt the daily lives of affected individuals for many years into adulthood. Given the persistent negative aspects of anxiety, accurate and early assessment is critical for long term outcomes. Currently, the most common method for anxiety assessment is through point-in-time measures like the GAD-7.

Designing for patient decision-making: Design challenges generated by patients with atrial fibrillation during evaluation of a decision aid prototype.

Shared decision-making (SDM) empowers patients and care teams to determine the best treatment plan in alignment with the patient's preferences and goals. Decision aids are proven tools to support high quality SDM. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, struggle to identify optimal rhythm and symptom management strategies and could benefit from a decision aid.

De Garengeot's hernia: A masked abdominal perforation.

Introduction: de Garengeot's hernias occur when an inflamed appendix is encased within a femoral sac. This is a relatively rare type of femoral hernia. As a result, there are currently no guidelines for the management of these hernias.

General Synthetic Approach to Diverse Taxane Cores.

Chemical synthesis of natural products is typically inspired by the structure and function of a target molecule. When both factors are of interest, such as in the case of taxane diterpenoids, a synthesis can both serve as a platform for synthetic strategy development and enable new biological exploration. Guided by this paradigm, we present here a unified enantiospecific approach to diverse taxane cores from the feedstock monoterpenoid ()-carvone.

Functional microvascularization of human myocardium .

In this study, we report static and perfused models of human myocardial-microvascular interaction. In static culture, we observe distinct regulation of electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in co-culture with human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and human left ventricular fibroblasts (hLVFBs), including modification of beating rate, action potential, calcium handling, and pro-arrhythmic substrate. Within a heart-on-a-chip model, we subject this three-dimensional (3D) co-culture to microfluidic perfusion and vasculogenic growth factors to induce spontaneous assembly of perfusable myocardial microvasculature.

Amyloid-Tau-Neurodegeneration Profiles and Longitudinal Cognition in Sporadic Young-Onset Dementia.

We examined amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration biomarker effects on cognition in a Southeast-Asian cohort of 84 sporadic young-onset dementia (YOD; age-at-onset <65 years) patients. They were stratified into A+N+, A- N+, and A- N- profiles via cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β1-42 (A), phosphorylated-tau (T), MRI medial temporal atrophy (neurodegeneration- N), and confluent white matter hyperintensities cerebrovascular disease (CVD). A, T, and CVD effects on longitudinal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were evaluated.

Integrins Increase Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Activity for Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.

Engagement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca stores for excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling is a fundamental feature of cardiac muscle cells. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the extracellular scaffolding supporting cardiac contractile activity are thought to play an integral role in the modulation of EC-coupling. At baseline, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) show poor utilisation of SR Ca stores, leading to inefficient EC-coupling, like developing or human CMs in cardiac diseases such as heart failure.

A cost-utility analysis comparing endovascular coiling to neurosurgical clipping in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Endovascular coiling (EC) has been identified in systematic reviews and meta-analyses to produce more favourable clinical outcomes in comparison to neurosurgical clipping (NC) when surgically treating a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. Cost-effectiveness analyses between both interventions have been done, but no cost-utility analysis has yet been published. This systematic review aims to perform an economic analysis of the relative utility outcomes and costs from both treatments in the UK.

Activation of GLP-1 receptor signalling by sacubitril/valsartan: Implications for patients with poor glycaemic control.

Sacubitril/valsartan is a first-in-class Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) to be approved for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The combination tablet has become a mainstay of treatment in the management of heart failure (HF) due to its composite inhibition of the neurohumoral system. There is growing support to show that sacubitril/valsartan may enhance glycaemic control through the augmentation of neprilysin substrates - in particular, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Upregulated Blood miR-150-5p in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Is Associated with Cognition, Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β, and Cerebral Atrophy.

Background: There is an urgent need for noninvasive, cost-effective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as blood-based biomarkers. They will not only support the clinical diagnosis of dementia but also allow for timely pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions and evaluations.

Objective: To identify and validate a novel blood-based microRNA biomarker for dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT).

Cardiac Complications of COVID-19 in Low-Risk Patients.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 6 million deaths and significant morbidity across the globe. Alongside common respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications in the acute and post-acute phases of infection. The suggested pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these complications include direct viral infection of the myocardium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein and a cytokine release syndrome that results in indirect inflammatory damage to the heart.

Improved Electrophile Design for Exquisite Covalent Molecule Selectivity.

Covalent inhibitors are viable therapeutics. However, off-target reactivity challenges the field. Chemists have attempted to solve this issue by varying the reactivity attributes of electrophilic warheads.

APOE4 and Confluent White Matter Hyperintensities Have a Synergistic Effect on Episodic Memory Impairment in Prodromal Dementia.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a known risk factor for cognitive decline. While the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is another risk factor for cognitive decline, it remains unclear how APOE4 affects the relationship between WMH and cognitive decline, specifically in the prodromal stage of dementia.

Objective: To determine how APOE4 moderates the relationship between WMH and cognition in prodromal dementia.

Effectiveness of renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension: a literature review.

Background: Catheter-based renal denervation has been studied as a potential therapeutic option to reduce high blood pressure (BP). Preclinical studies in some experimental models have demonstrated an antihypertensive effect of renal denervation but reports from clinical trials have been mixed METHODS: We performed a literature search using combinations of the key terms 'Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical trial, Pre-clinical trials, Resistant hypertension, Renal denervation, Ablation technique, Radiofrequency ablation, Ultrasound ablation, RADIANCE SOLO, SYMPLICITY HTN, SYPRAL HTN'. The databases searched were PubMed and OVID Medline.

Extracellular Vesicles from Human Cardiac Fibroblasts Modulate Calcium Cycling in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.

Cardiac fibroblasts regulate the development of the adult cardiomyocyte phenotype and cardiac remodeling in disease. We investigate the role that cardiac fibroblasts-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have in the modulation of cardiomyocyte Ca cycling-a fundamental mechanism in cardiomyocyte function universally altered during disease. EVs collected from cultured human cardiac ventricular fibroblasts were purified by centrifugation, ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography.