The effect of age and proprioceptive illusion susceptibility on gait.

Objective: Age-related gait decline has been associated with impaired proprioception, one's internal awareness of spatial location and movement. Although impaired proprioception has further been linked to greater susceptibility to proprioceptive illusions, it is unclear the impact such susceptibility has on gait and its interaction with age. The purpose of this study was to address these uncertainties.

The visual experience dataset: Over 200 recorded hours of integrated eye movement, odometry, and egocentric video.

We introduce the Visual Experience Dataset (VEDB), a compilation of more than 240 hours of egocentric video combined with gaze- and head-tracking data that offer an unprecedented view of the visual world as experienced by human observers. The dataset consists of 717 sessions, recorded by 56 observers ranging from 7 to 46 years of age. This article outlines the data collection, processing, and labeling protocols undertaken to ensure a representative sample and discusses the potential sources of error or bias within the dataset.

Single-Task and Dual-Task Gait Performance After Sport-Related Concussion: A Machine Learning Statistical Approach.

Background: This study evaluated 2 different dual-task (DT) conditions during tandem gait (TG) to predict sport-related concussion (SRC) diagnosis.

Hypothesis: The best (fastest) single-task (ST) gait will differ between groups (controls vs SRC; baseline vs SRC), with auditory pure switching task (APST) response rate being the most important behavioral variable to aid prediction of SRC.

Study Design: Cohort design.

Short communication: Binocular rivalry dynamics during locomotion.

Locomotion has been shown to impact aspects of visual processing in both humans and animal models. In the current study, we assess the impact of locomotion on the dynamics of binocular rivalry. We presented orthogonal gratings, one contrast-modulating at 0.

Continuous peripersonal tracking accuracy is limited by the speed and phase of locomotion.

Recent evidence suggests that perceptual and cognitive functions are codetermined by rhythmic bodily states. Prior investigations have focused on the cardiac and respiratory rhythms, both of which are also known to synchronise with locomotion-arguably our most common and natural of voluntary behaviours. Compared to the cardiorespiratory rhythms, walking is easier to voluntarily control, enabling a test of how natural and voluntary rhythmic action may affect sensory function.

Older adults with a history of falling exhibit altered cortical oscillatory mechanisms during continuous postural maintenance.

Background And Aim: The significant risk of falling in older adults 65 years or older presents a substantial problem for these individuals, their caretakers, and the health-care system at large. As the proportion of older adults in the United States is only expected to grow over the next few decades, a better understanding of physiological and cortical changes that make an older adult more susceptible to a fall is crucial. Prior studies have displayed differences in postural dynamics and stability in older adults with a fall history (FH) and those who are non-fallers (NF), suggesting surplus alterations that occur in some older adults (i.

Sport-related concussion adopt a more conservative approach to straight path walking and turning during tandem gait.

Background: It is currently unknown what specific neuronal deficits influence postural instability following SRC; however, the modulation of postural control relies heavily on the appropriate integration of sensory information from the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory system. It is possible symptom provocation of vestibular or ocular function is related to unsteady gait patterns during tandem gait.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in temporal and center of pressure (CoP) metrics during discrete events of instrumented tandem gait (iTG) among those with sport-related concussion (SRC) compared to healthy controls.

Repetitive head impacts affect mediolateral postural sway entropy in the absence of vision following a competitive athletic season: preliminary findings.

Background: Repetitive head impacts (RHIs) have received more notice over the past decade. More sensitive measures, such as postural control, have been used to evaluate if there are biomechanical changes after RHI exposure. Similar to the clinical findings, most of the studies have failed to find any significant changes across an athletic season.

Baseline Postural Control and Lower Extremity Injury Incidence Among Those With a History of Concussion.

Context: Lower extremity musculoskeletal (LEMSK) injury may be more prevalent among those with a history of sport-related concussion (SRC).

Objective: To investigate the relationship between baseline postural control metrics and the LEMSK injury incidence in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes with a history of SRC.

Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes.

Smooth Pursuit and Saccades after Sport-Related Concussion.

Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) and saccadic eye movements are both commonly impaired following sport-related concussion (SRC). Typical oculomotor assessments measure individual eye movements in a series of restrictive tests designed to isolate features such as response times. These measures lack ecological validity for athletes because athletes are adept at simple tasks designed for the general population.

The effect of acute pain on executive function.

Background And Aim: Executive functions are high-level cognitive processes that allow a person to success-fully engage in an independent and self-fulfilling life. Previous literature indicates that chronic pain can affect executive function, but there are limited studies that investigate the effect of acute pain on executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine if acute pain affects executive function in recreationally active indi-viduals who sustained a musculoskeletal injury.

Clinical Assessments of Balance in Adults with Concussion: An Update.

Postural instability is a cardinal indicator of concussion. Assessments of the postural control system range from clinical to laboratory tests that assess the balance of the individual. In a previous article regarding clinical assessment of balance in adults with concussion, we reviewed the importance of balance as a component in concussion evaluations.

Inhibition of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Overcomes Differentiation Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

While acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises many disparate genetic subtypes, one shared hallmark is the arrest of leukemic myeloblasts at an immature and self-renewing stage of development. Therapies that overcome differentiation arrest represent a powerful treatment strategy. We leveraged the observation that the majority of AML, despite their genetically heterogeneity, share in the expression of HoxA9, a gene normally downregulated during myeloid differentiation.

Convergent evolution of phenotypic integration and its alignment with morphological diversification in Caribbean Anolis ecomorphs.

The adaptive landscape and the G-matrix are keys concepts for understanding how quantitative characters evolve during adaptive radiation. In particular, whether the adaptive landscape can drive convergence of phenotypic integration (i.e.

Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling attenuates anemia associated with inflammation.

Anemia of inflammation develops in settings of chronic inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic disease. In this highly prevalent form of anemia, inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, stimulate hepatic expression of hepcidin, which negatively regulates iron bioavailability by inactivating ferroportin. Hepcidin is transcriptionally regulated by IL-6 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.

Fecal bacterial diversity of human-habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park, Western Tanzania.

Although the intestinal flora of chimpanzees has not been studied, insight into this dynamic environment can be obtained through studies on their feces. We analyzed fecal samples from human-habituated, wild chimpanzees at Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, and compared microbial community profiles to determine if members of the same social group were similar. Between July and December 2007, we collected fresh fecal samples from 12 individuals: four juveniles, four adolescents, and four adults, including three parent-offspring pairs.

Descriptive epidemiology of fatal respiratory outbreaks and detection of a human-related metapneumovirus in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park, Western Tanzania.

Over the past several years, acute and fatal respiratory illnesses have occurred in the habituated group of wild chimpanzees at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Common respiratory viruses, such as measles and influenza, have been considered possible causative agents; however, neither of these viruses had been detected. During the fatal respiratory illnesses in 2003, 2005 and 2006, regular observations on affected individuals were recorded.