Neurologic Complications Associated With Burn Injury and Resuscitation.

Background: Treatment for large burn injuries relies on adequate fluid resuscitation secondary to the severe systemic inflammatory response. With improved critical care and better understanding of the complications of over and under resuscitation, morbidity and mortality rates are decreasing. Neurologic complications are not often considered as an over-resuscitation complication after burn injury but may be considered an additional form of compartment syndrome-intracranial compartment syndrome; however, it has not been evaluated for a possible threshold similar to the Ivy Index for abdominal compartment syndrome.

A Multidisciplinary Algorithm for the Evaluation of Acute Neurologic Deficits Improves Management of Cryptogenic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.

The appropriate diagnosis and management of cryptogenic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is challenging and requires multidisciplinary involvement. Joint societal guidelines exist to guide the comprehensive evaluation of these entities. This study aimed to implement a standardized multidisciplinary diagnostic algorithm for cryptogenic stroke/TIA.

A multicomponent holistic care pathway for people who use drugs in Tayside, Scotland.

Background: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are at high risk of non-fatal overdose and other drug-related harms. The United Kingdom drugs policy landscape makes it challenging to support those at risk. Tayside, in East Scotland, has a sizeable population at risk of drug-related harms.

Randomized clinical trial: Direct-acting antivirals as treatment for hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: Delivered in needle and syringe programs via directly observed therapy versus fortnightly collection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in people who inject drugs (PWID) is delivered within settings frequented by PWID, such as needle and syringe programs (NSP). The optimal direct-acting antiviral (DAA) dispensing regimen among NSP clients is unknown. This study compared cures (Sustained virologic response 12 weeks post-treatment, [SVR ]) across three dispensing schedules to establish non-inferiority of fortnightly dispensing versus directly observed therapy.

Hepatitis C reinfection by treatment pathway among people who inject drugs in Tayside, Scotland.

The efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) provides an excellent opportunity to scale up HCV diagnosis and treatment, achieving the WHO target of HCV elimination by 2030. However, HCV reinfection among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains a concern and may impede elimination efforts. We assessed reinfection rates among PWID across six specialized treatment pathways, following DAA-based and interferon-based therapies in Tayside, Scotland.

Randomised controlled trial conducted in injecting equipment provision sites to compare the effectiveness of different hepatitis C treatment regimens in people who inject drugs: A Direct obserVed therApy versus fortNightly CollEction study for HCV treatment-ADVANCE HCV protocol study.

Introduction: Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus (HCV) that can seriously damage the liver and is spread mainly through blood-to-blood contact with an infected person. Over 85% of individuals who have HCV in Scotland became infected following injecting drug use. Since people who inject drugs (PWID) are the main source of new infections, theoretical modelling has suggested that treatment of HCV infection in PWID may effectively reduce HCV prevalence and accomplish elimination.

High response and re-infection rates among people who inject drugs treated for hepatitis C in a community needle and syringe programme.

To achieve WHO hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination targets by 2030, mathematical models suggest there needs to be significant scale-up of treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID). We tested whether people who actively inject drugs can be recruited and treated successfully through a community needle and syringe programme (NSP), and assessed rates of re-infection. 105 HCV RNA positive participants were enrolled prospectively.

Change in injecting behaviour among people treated for hepatitis C virus: The role of intimate partnerships.

Injecting behaviour in people who inject drugs is the main risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Psychosocial factors such as having a partner who injects drugs and living with other drug users have been associated with increases in injecting risk behaviour. This study aimed to investigate changes in injecting behaviour during treatment for HCV infection whilst exploring the role of psychosocial factors on patients' injecting behaviour.

A quasi-experimental evaluation of dried blood spot testing through community pharmacies in the Tayside region of Scotland.

Objective: Comparison of uptake of dried blood spot testing (DBST) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection between community pharmacies and established services.

Design: Quantitative evaluation of a service development with qualitative process evaluation undertaken in parallel.

Setting: Six pharmacies from 36 community pharmacies within Dundee City, a large urban settlement with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation.

Impact of Altitude on Power Output during Cycling Stage Racing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of moderate-high altitude on power output, cadence, speed and heart rate during a multi-day cycling tour.

Methods: Power output, heart rate, speed and cadence were collected from elite male road cyclists during maximal efforts of 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 600 s. The efforts were completed in a laboratory power-profile assessment, and spontaneously during a cycling race simulation near sea-level and an international cycling race at moderate-high altitude.

Stage racing at altitude induces hemodilution despite an increase in hemoglobin mass.

Plasma volume (PV) can be modulated by altitude exposure (decrease) and periods of intense exercise (increase). Cycle racing at altitude combines both stimuli, although presently no data exist to document which is dominant. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and percent reticulocytes (%Retics) of altitude (ALT; n = 9) and sea-level (SL; n = 9) residents were measured during a 14-day cycling race, held at 1,146-4120 m, as well as during a simulated tour near sea level (SIM; n = 12).

Fluid balance, carbohydrate ingestion, and body temperature during men's stage-race cycling in temperate environmental conditions.

Purpose: To observe voluntary fluid and carbohydrate intakes and thermoregulatory characteristics of road cyclists during 2 multiday, multiple-stage races in temperate conditions.

Methods: Ten internationally competitive male cyclists competed in 2 stage races (2009 Tour of Gippsland, T1, n = 5; 2010 Tour of Geelong, T2, n = 5) in temperate conditions (13.2-15.

Dry blood spot testing for hepatitis C in people who injected drugs: reaching the populations other tests cannot reach.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Dry Blood Spot testing (DBST) for hepatitis C within a geographical area.

Design: This is a prospective cohort study of all individuals living in Tayside who had received a hepatitis C virus (HCV) DBST between 2009 and 2011.

Results: During the study, 1123 DBSTs were carried out.

Dynamics of ice nucleation on water repellent surfaces.

Prevention of ice accretion and adhesion on surfaces is relevant to many applications, leading to improved operation safety, increased energy efficiency, and cost reduction. Development of passive nonicing coatings is highly desirable, since current antiicing strategies are energy and cost intensive. Superhydrophobicity has been proposed as a lead passive nonicing strategy, yet the exact mechanism of delayed icing on these surfaces is not clearly understood.

Characterization of zinc transport by divalent metal transporters of the ZIP family from the model legume Medicago truncatula.

To understand how plants from the Fabaceae family maintain zinc (Zn) homeostasis, we have characterized the kinetics of three Zn transporting proteins from the ZIP family of divalent metal transporters in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Of six ZIP's studied, MtZIP1, MtZIP5 and MtZIP6 were the only members from this family determined to transport Zn and were further characterized. MtZIP1 has a low affinity for Zn with a K(m) of 1 μM as compared to MtZIP5 and MtZIP6 that have a higher affinity for Zn with K(m) of 0.

Green and black tea inhibit cytokine-induced IL-8 production and secretion in AGS gastric cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB activity.

Consumption of tea is associated with a reduced risk for several gastrointestinal cancers. Inflammatory processes, such as secretion of IL-8 from the gastric epithelium in response to chronic chemokine or antigen exposure, serve both as a chemoattractant for white blood cells and a prerequisite for gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS was used to investigate the effect of green tea extract, black tea extract, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in tea, on cytokine-induced inflammation.

Opioid prescriptions in canadian workers' compensation claimants: prescription trends and associations between early prescription and future recovery.

Study Design: Historical cohort study.

Objective: We investigated the prescription of opioids in injured Canadian workers to determine recent trends in use and the association between early prescription and future recovery.

Summary Of Background Data: Opioid analgesia is effective for reducing chronic nonmalignant pain, and opioid prescriptions for musculoskeletal pain seem to have increased over the past years.

Fluid and food intake during professional men's and women's road-cycling tours.

Purpose: To quantify the fluid and food consumed during a men's and women's professional road-cycling tour.

Methods: Eight men (age 25 +/- 5 y, body mass 71.4 +/- 7.

Power output during a professional men's road-cycling tour.

Purpose: To quantify the power-output demands of men's road-cycling stage racing using a direct measure of power output.

Methods: Power-output data were collected from 207 races over 6 competition years on 31 Australian national male road cyclists. Subjects performed a maximal graded exercise test in the laboratory to determine maximum aerobic-power output, and bicycles were fitted with SRM power meters.

Association of symptoms and convergence and accommodative insufficiency in school-age children.

Background: The purpose of this article was to investigate the association between convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and symptoms in a group of school-aged children.

Methods: Children ages 8 to 15 years were recruited from two public and 2 private elementary schools in Southern California. The CI Symptom Survey (CISS) was administered to all children before a Modified Clinical Technique vision screening.