Publications by authors named "Brian Speer"

An intracoelomic mass was palpated on an annual exam of a 24-year-old male Solomon Island eclectus parrot (). The initial diagnostic workup included a complete blood count, plasma biochemistry panel, and coelomic ultrasound. Computed tomography was highly suggestive of a testicular mass.

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Objective: The avian beak is a complex organ containing bone, neurovascular tissue, and keratinized covering (rhamphotheca). Nerve-rich papillae extend through bone into rhamphotheca providing sensory input from the beak tip. Beak trimming is a common procedure in avian species and is used for corrective, cosmetic, and behavioral modification purposes.

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Avian coxiellosis is an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality among captive psittacines, and the utility of a rapid detection test using easily obtained samples is paramount in a clinical setting. New sequences were obtained from 3 genes: , and . We developed probe-hybridization quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays using and genes.

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A 40-year-old, female lesser crested cockatoo () was presented with a complaint of hyporexia and sudden onset of sneezing and wheezing. Physical examination revealed mild stertorous inhalation, and the apex of the heart was palpable caudoventral to the distal tip of the sternum. Projection radiographic images showed a soft tissue mass displacing the heart and the thoracic portion of the trachea.

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A female Swainson's toucan () was presented for examination with a 2-year history of mucoid nasal discharge and abnormal growth of the rhamphotheca. Nasal cytologic examination and culture results were consistent with mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial rhinitis. Radiographic and computed tomographic imaging demonstrated a deviated septum of the nasal diverticulum and multiple soft tissue densities in the caudal aspects of the maxillary and mandibular infraorbital diverticula of the infraorbital sinus.

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  • A 38-year-old yellow-naped Amazon parrot experienced acute swelling, blood in the stool, and difficulty defecating due to a defect in the ventral body wall.
  • After initial pain management, imaging revealed a partial cloacal strangulation, leading to an exploratory surgery to repair the issue.
  • Post-surgery, the cloacal position was corrected, and follow-up checks showed normal healing and bowel movements, marking a unique case of cloacal strangulation in birds.
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  • Low-stress medication methods are essential for providing optimal health care to birds and small mammals, enhancing patient management and overall clinical success.* -
  • The review highlights the negative impacts of coercive and fear-based techniques, promoting a more compassionate approach to animal care.* -
  • It discusses the benefits and principles of low-stress medication, suggesting its potential applications in veterinary practice to improve animal welfare.*
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OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of treatment for oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in avian species. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 87 client-owned birds of various species with histologically confirmed SCC of the skin or oral cavity.

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  • - Cranial kinesis in birds, especially psittacine species, involves complex movements of the beak that are crucial for their feeding and interacting behaviors.
  • - Different diseases can damage both the hard and soft tissues of the beak, possibly causing issues like misalignment, abnormal growth, and infections.
  • - To effectively treat and repair beak issues, it's important to know the specific anatomical differences between bird species and to conduct proper diagnostic tests, as many oral diseases can look alike at first glance.
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  • Five psittacine birds, including princess parrots and cockatoos, exhibited severe neurological symptoms and died or were euthanized within 2-3 months.
  • Histological examinations showed signs of encephalitis with protozoa consistent with Sarcocystis species present in their brains and muscles.
  • Genetic testing confirmed that these birds were infected with Sarcocystis calchasi, indicating that various psittacine species can act as intermediate hosts, leading to serious neurological disease and high mortality rates in aviaries.
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  • PCR tests can detect birds infected with avian polyomavirus (APV), but there's limited info on their effectiveness.
  • In a study, 5 labs analyzed APV samples, revealing varied reporting accuracy, especially with diluted samples.
  • Most labs showed accurate results, but 3 labs reported false positives and negatives, highlighting the need for better quality control in veterinary diagnostics.*
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A number of common misconceptions exist regarding the degree of transmission from companion parrots to dogs and cats. Concern regarding bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic transmission is generally unfounded, because disease transmission between companion parrots and dogs and cats is not well-documented. Infections with Mycobacterium spp, Aspergillus spp, Giardia spp, Chlamydophila psittaci, Salmonella spp, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptosporidium spp, and avian influenza are often considered possible transmissible diseases, causing pet caregivers unwarranted concerns.

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Diagnostic assays that use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are increasingly available to veterinarians. Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (family Circoviridae, genus Circovirus) is a pathogen of clinical importance for which PCR assays have been developed. Several laboratories offer this diagnostic assay in the United States; however, there is little information on the sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy of these assays.

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