Global mapping of the conventional secreted effector - host interactome reveals CebN interacts with nucleoporins and Rae1 to impede STAT1 nuclear translocation.

(.), the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections, employs a type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate two classes of effectors, inclusion membrane proteins and conventional T3SS (cT3SS) effectors, into the host cell to counter host defense mechanisms. Here we employed three assays to directly evaluate secretion during infection, validating secretion for 23 cT3SS effectors.

Ingestion of lean meat elevates muscle inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 protein content independent of a distinct post-prandial circulating proteome in young adults with obesity.

Background: We have recently shown that a novel signalling kinase, inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1), is implicated in whole-body insulin resistance via its inhibitory action on Akt. Insulin and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) share many intracellular processes with both known to play a key role in glucose and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.

Aims: We aimed to compare IGF/IP6K1/Akt signalling and the plasma proteomic signature in individuals with a range of BMIs after ingestion of lean meat.

Physiology, Metabolism, and Fossilization of Hot-Spring Filamentous Microbial Mats.

The evolutionarily ancient Aquificales bacterium spp. dominates filamentous microbial mat communities in shallow, fast-flowing, and dysoxic hot-spring drainage systems around the world. In the present study, field observations of these fettuccini-like microbial mats at Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park are integrated with geology, geochemistry, hydrology, microscopy, and multi-omic molecular biology analyses.

Segmental pairs of giant insect cells discharge presumptive immune proteins at each larval molt.

A pair of massive secretory cells exists within each thoracic and the nine abdominal segments of Manduca larvae. Each of these cells is nestled between the dorsal integument and underlying muscles. Contents of large vacuoles in these cells are abruptly discharged at each molt and have always been considered to contribute to shedding and/or formation of cuticle.

Nosema ceranae escapes fumagillin control in honey bees.

Fumagillin is the only antibiotic approved for control of nosema disease in honey bees and has been extensively used in United States apiculture for more than 50 years for control of Nosema apis. It is toxic to mammals and must be applied seasonally and with caution to avoid residues in honey. Fumagillin degrades or is diluted in hives over the foraging season, exposing bees and the microsporidia to declining concentrations of the drug.

Transphosphorylation of E. coli Proteins during Production of Recombinant Protein Kinases Provides a Robust System to Characterize Kinase Specificity.

Protein kinase specificity is of fundamental importance to pathway regulation and signal transduction. Here, we report a convenient system to monitor the activity and specificity of recombinant protein kinases expressed in E. coli.

Naturally occurring aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases editing-domain mutations that cause mistranslation in Mycoplasma parasites.

Mycoplasma parasites escape host immune responses via mechanisms that depend on remarkable phenotypic plasticity. Identification of these mechanisms is of great current interest. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) attach amino acids to their cognate tRNAs, but occasionally make errors that substitute closely similar amino acids.

Lysine acetylation is a widespread protein modification for diverse proteins in Arabidopsis.

Lysine acetylation (LysAc), a form of reversible protein posttranslational modification previously known only for histone regulation in plants, is shown to be widespread in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Sixty-four Lys modification sites were identified on 57 proteins, which operate in a wide variety of pathways/processes and are located in various cellular compartments. A number of photosynthesis-related proteins are among this group of LysAc proteins, including photosystem II (PSII) subunits, light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCb), Rubisco large and small subunits, and chloroplastic ATP synthase (β-subunit).

Discrete molecular states in the brain accompany changing responses to a vocal signal.

New experiences can trigger changes in gene expression in the brain. To understand this phenomenon better, we studied zebra finches hearing playbacks of birdsong. Earlier research had shown that initial playbacks of a novel song transiently increase the ZENK (ZIF-268, EGR1, NGFIA, KROX-24) mRNA in the auditory forebrain, but the response selectively habituates after repetition of the stimulus.

A method for the rapid and efficient elution of native affinity-purified protein A tagged complexes.

A problem faced in proteomics studies is the recovery of tagged protein complexes in their native and active form. Here we describe a peptide, Bio-Ox, that mimics the immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding interface of Staphylococcus aureus Protein A, and competitively displaces affinity-purified Protein A fusion proteins and protein complexes from IgG-Sepharose. We show that Bio-Ox elution is a robust method for the efficient and rapid recovery of native tagged proteins, and can be applied to a variety of structural genomics and proteomics studies.

Differentiation between peptides containing acetylated or tri-methylated lysines by mass spectrometry: an application for determining lysine 9 acetylation and methylation of histone H3.

Histone acetylation and methylation play a critical role in transcription and gene regulation. Identification of sites of lysine acetylation and methylation in histones or other proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is of increasing interest. In this paper, we report the use of MS to differentiate between peptides containing acetylated or tri-methylated lysines.

Effect of DNA length and H4 acetylation on the thermal stability of reconstituted nucleosome particles.

To examine the factors involved with nucleosome stability, we reconstituted nonacetylated particles containing various lengths (192, 162, and 152 base pairs) of DNA onto the Lytechinus variegatus nucleosome positioning sequence in the absence of linker histone. We characterized the particles and examined their thermal stability. DNA of less than chromatosome length (168 base pairs) produces particles with altered denaturation profiles, possibly caused by histone rearrangement in those core-like particles.