Effect of screw insertion angle and speed on the incidence of transcortical fracture development in a canine tibial diaphyseal model.

Objective: To assess the incidence of transcortical fracture (TCF) development based on screw insertion angle and screw insertion speed.

Study Design: Cadaveric experimental study.

Sample Population: Sixty-six canine tibiae.

Evaluation of a novel method to calculate cementless femoral stem level on craniocaudal projection radiographs.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of a proportion-corrected radiographic cementless femoral stem level calculation in a cadaver model.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Twelve cadaveric canine femurs.

Evaluation of cementless femoral stem level on mediolateral projection radiographs.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of measuring cementless femoral stem level on mediolateral projection radiographs.

Study Design: Benchtop cadaveric.

Sample Population: Twelve canine cadaver femurs.

Force Plate Gait Analysis and Clinical Results after Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Small Breed Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate objective limb function using force plate gait analysis after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in small breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR).

Materials And Methods:  Small breed dogs (15 kg or less) with unilateral CCLR treated with TPLO were evaluated using symmetry index (SI) of peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse and vector magnitude at PVF performed preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months postoperatively after routine TPLO surgery.

Results:  Twelve dogs met the inclusion criteria.

Comparison of femoral stem subsidence between three types of press-fit cementless total hip replacement in dogs.

Objective: To compare femoral stem subsidence and determine contributing factors in dogs undergoing total hip replacement (THR) with the traditional BFX, collared BFX, and BFX lateral bolt stems.

Study Design: Retrospective radiographic study.

Sample Population: Ninety-three dogs with 101 THR including dogs undergoing THR with a BFX lateral bolt femoral stem (n = 40), BFX collared stem (n = 21), and traditional BFX stem (n = 40).

Correlation of distraction index with arthroscopic findings in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia.

Objective: To compare distraction index (DI) with hip arthroscopy findings in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia undergoing unilateral or bilateral double pelvic osteotomy (DPO).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Twenty dogs (36 hip joints).

Technique and Outcome of a Modified Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy for Treatment of Concurrent Medial Patellar Luxation and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in 76 Stifles.

Objectives:  The main aim of this article is to describe the technique and outcome of a modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) that simultaneously levels the tibial plateau and realigns the quadriceps mechanism through medial translation of the proximal tibial segment in dogs less than 15 kg.

Materials And Methods:  A retrospective medical records search identified dogs with concurrent cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and medial patellar luxation (MPL). A study group (76 stifles) treated with a modified TPLO was compared with a non-tibial translation group (45 stifles) corrected with traditional surgical technique.

Ex vivo preliminary investigation of radiographic quantitative assessment of cranial tibial displacement at varying degrees of canine stifle flexion with or without an intact cranial cruciate ligament.

Background: The presence of cranial tibial subluxation can aid in the detection of joint instability as a result of CrCL injury. Detection of cranial tibial subluxation has been described using the tibial compression test (TCT) and cranial drawer test (CDT); however, diagnosis of CrCL insufficiency by assessing cranial subluxation motion of the tibia is subjective and difficult to quantify accurately. The aim of this study was to investigate a measurement technique to assess the degree of cranial tibial displacement relative to the femoral condyles on mediolateral projection stifle radiographs at varying degrees of stifle flexion (90°, 110°, and 135°) in CrCL intact, partially, and completely transected conditions.

Correlation between osteoarthritic changes in the stifle joint in dogs and the results of orthopedic, radiographic, ultrasonographic and arthroscopic examinations.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative disease affecting the articular cartilage and subchondral bone that causes pain and inhibits movement. The stifle's joint fibrous capsule contains the synovial membrane, which produces cartilage nutrients. A ruptured cranial cruciate ligament injures the joint and produces OA.

Articular cartilage scores in cranial cruciate ligament-deficient dogs with or without bucket handle tears of the medial meniscus.

Objective: To compare articular cartilage scores in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient dogs with or without concurrent bucket handle tears (BHT) of the medial meniscus.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Client-owned dogs treated with arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or extracapsular repair for complete CCL rupture (290 stifles from 264 dogs).

Fragmentation of the Medial Coronoid Process in Toy and Small Breed Dogs: 13 Elbows (2000-2012).

Fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (FCP) is an uncommon cause of thoracic limb lameness in toy and small breed dogs. Arthroscopic findings and treatment remains poorly described. The objective of this study was to describe the arthroscopic findings and short-term outcome following arthroscopic treatment in toy and small breed dogs with FCP.

Medium and long term evaluation of sliding humeral osteotomy in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate medium and long term effects of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 32).

Radiographic outcome and complications of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy stabilized with an anatomically contoured locking bone plate.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term clinical performance of an anatomically pre-contoured, locking plate in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.

Study Design: Prospective, multi-center clinical study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 56) undergoing TPLO.

Biomechanical and computational evaluation of two loading transfer concepts for pancarpal arthrodesis in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate 2 plate designs for pancarpal arthrodesis and their effects on load transfer to the respective bones as well as to develop a computational model with directed input from the biomechanical testing of the 2 constructs.

Sample: Both forelimbs from the cadaver of an adult castrated male Golden Retriever.

Procedures: CT imaging was performed on the forelimb pair.

Minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique for articular fractures.

Articular fractures require accurate reduction and rigid stabilization to decrease the chance of osteoarthritis and joint dysfunction. Articular fractures have been traditionally repaired by arthrotomy and internal fixation. Recently, minimally invasive techniques have been introduced to treat articular fractures, reducing patient morbidity and improving the accuracy of reduction.

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis: tibia and fibula.

Fractures of the tibia and fibula are common in dogs and cats and occur most commonly as a result of substantial trauma. Tibial fractures are often amenable to repair using the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique because of the minimal soft tissue covering of the tibia and relative ease of indirect reduction and application of the implant system on the tibia. Treatment of tibial fractures by MIPO has been found to reduce surgical time, reduce the time for fracture healing, and decrease patient morbidity, while at the same time reducing complications compared with traditional open reduction and internal fixation.

Comparison of arthroscopic and radiographic abnormalities in the hip joints of juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia.

Objective: To compare radiographic and arthroscopic abnormalities in juvenile dogs with clinically apparent hip dysplasia.

Design: Case series.

Animals: 52 dogs (70 hip joints) with clinical signs of hip dysplasia scheduled to undergo triple pelvic osteotomy.

Orthopedic problems in geriatric dogs and cats.

Senior dogs and cats with orthopedic injuries and diseases often require a treatment plan that differs from that of younger patients. Injured bone and soft tissues tend to heal more slowly in the geriatric patient. The older animal is likely to have a less competent immune system and may have compromised metabolic and endocrine function.

Use of arthroscopy for debridement of the elbow joint in cats.

Arthroscopy was used to identify and remove loose osteochondral fragments detected in the region of the medial coronoid processes in the elbow joints of a cat that was lame in both forelimbs. The cat had clinical signs and arthroscopic lesions similar to those seen in dogs with fragmented medial coronoid processes. Moderate osteoarthritis was observed radiographically.

Biological osteosynthesis versus traditional anatomic reconstruction of 20 long-bone fractures using an interlocking nail: 1994-2001.

Objective: To observe differences in surgical and healing times as well as complication rates in dogs with a comminuted long-bone fracture stabilized with an interlocking nail (IN) using either anatomic or biologic repair.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Twenty client-owned dogs with comminuted long-bone fractures.

Arthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal joint in dogs.

A technique for arthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal joint in dogs is described. Both antebrachiocarpal joints in 9 dog cadavers were examined arthroscopically and grossly to refine the technique and determine structures that could be seen. Two arthroscope portals were evaluated in each joint.

Use of nutraceuticals and chondroprotectants in osteoarthritic dogs and cats.

Chondroprotectants and nutraceuticals have become attractive adjunctive or alternative treatments for cats and dogs suffering from osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritic patients can be managed satisfactorily in most situations with optimization of body condition, exercise modification, anti-inflammatory therapy, and the use of chondroprotectants agents. Presently, recommendations cannot be made as to which chondroprotectant is best for each dog and cat afflicted with osteoarthritis.

Use of a plate-rod construct and principles of biological osteosynthesis for repair of diaphyseal fractures in dogs and cats: 47 cases (1994-2001).

Objective: To determine outcome for dogs and cats with diaphyseal fractures in which a plate-rod construct was used for fracture repair.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 35 dogs and 12 cats.