Publications by authors named "Brian Roberts"

Interaural time differences are often considered a weak cue for stream segregation. We investigated this claim with headphone-presented pure tones differing in a related form of interaural configuration-interaural phase differences (ΔIPD)-or/and in frequency (ΔF). In experiment 1, sequences comprised 5 × ABA- repetitions (A and B = 80-ms tones, "-" = 160-ms silence), and listeners reported whether integration or segregation was heard.

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Introduction: Transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) or low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) has become standard practice in trauma patients with significant blood loss. As blood ages, it undergoes metabolic and structural changes. This study aimed to test the association between age of PRBC/LTOWB and mortality among adult trauma patients.

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Tidal wetlands can be a substantial sink of greenhouse gases, which can be offset by variable methane (CH) emissions under certain environmental conditions and anthropogenic interventions. Land managers and policymakers need maps of tidal wetland CH properties to make restoration decisions and inventory greenhouse gases. However, there is a mismatch in spatial scale between point-based sampling of porewater CH concentration and its predictors, and the coarser resolution mapping products used to upscale these data.

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Advances in synthetic peptide synthesis have enabled rapid and cost-effective peptide drug manufacturing. For this reason, peptide drugs that were first produced using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology are now being produced using solid- and liquid-phase peptide synthesis. While peptide synthesis has some advantages over rDNA expression methods, new peptide-related impurities that differ from the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) may be generated during synthesis.

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Background: Patient perception of physician compassion may be associated with improved health outcomes, yet it is unclear whether it is associated with postoperative pain reduction or improved patient experience metrics in same-day surgery patients. We hypothesized that higher anesthesiologist compassion during the preanesthesia interview, rated by patients, is associated with lower postoperative pain via the anxiety pathway in same-day surgery patients. We also performed exploratory correlation analysis to assess whether compassion was associated with less opioid consumption and improved patient experience in same-day surgery patients.

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Background: Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, has emerging evidence as an alternative to full agonist opioids for treatment of acute pain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of buprenorphine for acute pain in older adults.

Methods: PubMed Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINHAL, Web of Science database, and Google Scholar were searched.

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Objectives: Fear of enacted stigma (fear of discrimination or being treated unfairly) is associated with decreased health care-seeking behaviors among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). We sought to describe the prevalence of fear of enacted stigma among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with OUD and to test whether experiencing greater compassion from ED staff is associated with lower fear of enacted stigma.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the ED of an academic medical center between February and August 2023.

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Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) outcomes in small centers are commonly considered less favorable than in large-volume centers. New ECMO protocols and procedures were established in our regional community hospital system as part of a cardiogenic shock initiative. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the outcomes of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in a community hospital system with cardiac surgery capability and assess whether protocol optimization and cannulation standards result in comparable outcomes to larger centers whether the outcomes of this new ECMO program at the community hospital setting were comparable to the United States averages.

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Differential gene expression in response to perturbations is mediated at least in part by changes in binding of transcription factors (TFs) and other proteins at specific genomic regions. Association of these -regulatory elements (CREs) with their target genes is a challenging task that is essential to address many biological and mechanistic questions. Many current approaches rely on chromatin conformation capture techniques or single-cell correlational methods to establish CRE-to-gene associations.

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Objectives: There is currently conflicting data as to the effects of hypercapnia on clinical outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients in the emergency department (ED). These conflicting results may be explained by the degree of acidosis. We sought to test the hypothesis that hypercapnia is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and decreased ventilator-free days at lower pH, but associated with decreased in-hospital mortality and increased ventilator-free days at higher pH, among patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the emergency department (ED).

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Objectives: Emergency departments (EDs) are a critical point of entry into treatment for patients struggling with opioid use disorder (OUD). When initiated in the ED, buprenorphine is associated with increased addiction treatment engagement at 30 days when initiated. Despite this association, it has had slow adoption.

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Background: Telemedicine-specific clinical pathways (CPWs), coupled with electronic health record (EHR) order panels, provide an opportunity to ensure evidence and guideline concordant care for conditions at risk for inconsistent diagnoses and management strategies. Standardized provider and patient-facing illness scripts may fill gaps in clinicians' communication skills secondary to a training deficit in virtual care delivery. We aimed to implement and assess the impact of a novel care bundle for sinusitis on antimicrobial use, patient satisfaction, clinician satisfaction, and usability in patients with sinusitis.

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Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by abnormal aggregates of tau, a microtubule-associated protein encoded by MAPT. MAPT expression is near absent in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and increases during differentiation. This temporally dynamic expression pattern suggests that MAPT expression could be controlled by transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements specific to differentiated cell types.

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Background: Awareness with paralysis (AWP) is memory recall during neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and can cause significant psychological harm. Decades of effort and rigorous trials have been conducted to prevent AWP in the operating room, where prevalence is 0.1-0.

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The identification and removal of host cell proteins (HCPs) from biologic products is a critical step in drug development. Despite recent improvements to purification processes, biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, enzyme replacement therapies, and vaccines that are manufactured in a range of cell lines and purified using diverse processes may contain HCP impurities, making it necessary for developers to identify and quantify impurities during process development for each drug product. HCPs that contain sequences that are less conserved with human homologs may be more immunogenic than those that are more conserved.

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Purpose: To evaluate early measurement of the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide (PaCO-PetCO) gap, a surrogate for physiologic dead space, and its association with clinical outcomes in intubated adults in the emergency department (ED).

Materials And Methods: Observational cohort study of invasively mechanically ventilated adults in an academic medical center (years 2009 to 2016). The association of the PaCO-PetCO gap was evaluated with respect to clinical outcomes; the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

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Peptide drugs play an important part in medicine owing to their many therapeutic applications. Of the 80 peptide drugs approved for use in humans, at least five are now off-patent and are consequently being developed as generic alternatives to the originator products. To accelerate access to generic products, the FDA has proposed new regulatory pathways that do not require direct comparisons of generics to originators in clinical trials.

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Two experiments explored the effects of abrupt transitions in timbral properties [amplitude modulation (AM), pure tones vs narrow-band noises, and attack/decay envelope] on streaming. Listeners reported continuously the number of streams heard during 18-s-long alternating low- and high-frequency (LHL-) sequences (frequency separation: 2-6 semitones) that underwent a coherent transition at 6 s or remained unchanged. In experiment 1, triplets comprised unmodulated pure tones or 100%-depth AM was created using narrowly spaced tone pairs (dyads: 30- or 50-Hz modulation).

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Article Synopsis
  • A survey by the Therapeutic Product Immunogenicity community explored immunogenicity risk assessment strategies used by participants before clinical development, spanning 5 years and focusing on in silico algorithms and in vitro assays.
  • Key findings showed a trend towards using advanced tools like high-throughput in silico algorithms, human immune cell-based assays, and proteomics for effective risk assessments.
  • Participants also indicated that these tools not only supported early development phases but also informed clinical strategies and improved bioanalysis efficiency.
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Background: Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases driven by abnormal aggregates of tau, a microtubule associated protein encoded by the gene. expression is absent in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and increases during differentiation. This temporally dynamic expression pattern suggests that expression is controlled by transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements specific to differentiated cell types.

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Objectives: Mechanically ventilated emergency department (ED) patients experience high morbidity and mortality. In a prior trial at our center, ED-based lung-protective ventilation was associated with improved care delivery and outcomes. Whether this strategy has persisted in the years after the trial remains unclear.

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Introduction/purpose: To compare knee arthrocentesis first-attempt success using landmark-guided, ultrasound-localised and ultrasound-guided techniques when performed by third-year medical students.

Methods: In this prospective, crossover study with randomised order of events, medical students performed three different arthrocentesis techniques on knee models: landmark-guided, ultrasound-localised and ultrasound-guided. Each subject attempted the techniques in a randomly assigned permutation at both high- and low-volume simulated knee effusions.

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