Auranofin inhibition of thioredoxin reductase sensitizes lung neuroendocrine tumor cells (NETs) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells to sorafenib as well as inhibiting SCLC xenograft growth.

Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) functions to recycle thioredoxin (Trx) during hydroperoxide metabolism mediated by peroxiredoxins and is currently being targeted using the FDA-approved anti-rheumatic drug, auranofin (AF), to selectively sensitize cancer cells to therapy. AF treatment decreased TrxR activity and clonogenic survival in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines (DMS273 and DMS53) as well as the H727 atypical lung carcinoid cell line. AF treatment also significantly sensitized DMS273 and H727 cell lines to sorafenib, an FDA-approved multi-kinase inhibitor that depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH).

Auranofin Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase Sensitizes Lung Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells (NETs) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Cells to Sorafenib as well as Inhibiting SCLC Xenograft Growth.

Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) is a key enzyme in hydroperoxide detoxification through peroxiredoxin enzymes and in thiol-mediated redox regulation of cell signaling. Because cancer cells produce increased steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS; i.e.

Disulfiram causes selective hypoxic cancer cell toxicity and radio-chemo-sensitization via redox cycling of copper.

Therapies for lung cancer patients initially elicit desirable responses, but the presence of hypoxia and drug resistant cells within tumors ultimately lead to treatment failure. Disulfiram (DSF) is an FDA approved, copper chelating agent that can target oxidative metabolic frailties in cancer vs. normal cells and be repurposed as an adjuvant to cancer therapy.

Levels of tin and organotin compounds in human urine samples from Iowa, United States.

Exposure to tin in the general US population is near ubiquitous, as determined using urinary tin levels measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Urinary tin levels are associated with chronic health outcomes, such as diabetes; however, it is unclear if these associations are due to the presence of inorganic and organic forms of tin in urine. To address this knowledge gap, levels of total tin and several organotin compounds (OTCs) were measured in convenience urine samples from pregnant women and adults from Iowa, United States.

Dietary Manganese Modulates PCB126 Toxicity, Metal Status, and MnSOD in the Rat.

PCB126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist and induces oxidative stress. Because liver manganese (Mn) levels decrease in response to PCB126, a Mn dietary study was designed to investigate the role of Mn in PCB126 toxicity. Male Sprague Dawley rats received diets containing 0, 10, or 150 ppm added Mn for 3 weeks, followed by a single ip injection of corn oil or PCB126 (5 µmol/kg body weight).

Uncontrolled combustion of shredded tires in a landfill - Part 1: Characterization of gaseous and particulate emissions.

In summer 2012, a landfill liner comprising an estimated 1.3 million shredded tires burned in Iowa City, Iowa. During the fire, continuous monitoring and laboratory measurements were used to characterize the gaseous and particulate emissions and to provide new insights into the qualitative nature of the smoke and the quantity of pollutants emitted.