Assessing Biofilm at the Bedside: Exploring Reliable Accessible Biofilm Detection Methods.

Introduction: Biofilm is linked through a variety of mechanisms to the pathogenesis of chronic wounds. However, accurate biofilm detection is challenging, demanding highly specialized and technically complex methods rendering it unapplicable for most clinical settings. This study evaluated promising methods of bedside biofilm localization, fluorescence imaging of wound bacterial loads, and biofilm blotting by comparing their performance against validation scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Antibacterial effect of Softsoap used to disinfect dentures.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of Softsoap and Efferdent used as solutions to disinfect Lucitone 199 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin used for dentures.

Methods: S. mutans and plaque bacteria were grown for 24 hours, and suspended to a concentration of 1x10⁶ cells/ml.

Microleakage of Silver-Modified Atraumatic Restorative Technique (SMART) Restorations Using Silver Diammine Fluoride and High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the microleakage of atraumatic glass ionomer restorations with and without silver diammine fluoride (SDF) application. Restorations with SDF are termed silver-modified atraumatic restorations (SMART). Sixty carious extracted permanent teeth were randomly allocated to two SMART groups and two control groups (n equals 15 per group) for a total of four groups.

In Vitro Inflammatory Cell-Induced Corrosion Using a Lymphocyte and Macrophage Coculture.

Background: Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) and titanium alloys have been used for orthopaedic implants for decades. However, recent evidence has shown that inflammatory cell-induced corrosion (ICIC) can damage these metal alloys. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of ICIC by coculturing macrophages with lymphocytes.

Mechanical properties of conventional versus microwave-polymerized denture base acrylic resins.

Statement Of Problem: New denture base acrylic resins have been introduced that are specifically formulated for microwave polymerization. Microwave polymerization is a time-efficient procedure, but few studies have evaluated how these new acrylic resin formulations compare with conventionally processed acrylic resins.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the stiffness and strength of denture base acrylic resins formulated for microwave polymerization with conventionally processed acrylic resin.

Working viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior of silicone denture liners.

Purpose: To evaluate flow profile and non-Newtonian behavior of 10 different silicone lining materials.

Methods: Ten commercially available silicone lining materials were selected for evaluation. The flow profile and non-Newtonian behavior of each material was measured using a shark fin testing method.

Effect of different storage media on elemental analysis and microhardness of cervical cavity margins restored with a bioactive material.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the elemental analysis and microhardness of a bioactive material (Activa) and marginal tooth structure after storage in different media.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen teeth received cervical restorations with occlusal enamel and gingival dentin margins using the tested material bonded with a universal adhesive, 5 of them on the 4 axial surfaces and the other 10 on only the 2 proximal surfaces. The first 5 teeth were sectioned into 4 restorations each, then stored in 4 different media; deionized water, Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), Tris buffer, and saliva.

Microhardness of different thicknesses of bulk fill composites.

Purpose: To compare the microhardness values and bottom/top hardness ratios of different composites after being cured in 2 or 4 mm increments.

Methods: Two bulk fill composites, methacrylate-based and ormocer-based, and one conventional composite were tested. 36 cylindrical discs were prepared (n=12/composite, with six for 2 mm, and six for 4 mm thickness) by pressing each composite into a mold between two glass slides covered by Mylar strips.

Comparative evaluation of subgingival scaling and polishing techniques on dental material surface roughness.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effects of different scaling and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of four different restorative materials.

Methods: 72 specimens were prepared, molded to a size of 8.0 by 2.

Correlation between different methodologies used to evaluate the marginal adaptation of proximal dentin gingival margins elevated using a glass hybrid.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on the marginal quality of glass hybrid (GH) material used to elevate dentin gingival margins, and to analyze the consistency of the results obtained by 3 methods.

Materials And Methods: Ten teeth received compound class II cavities with subgingival margins. The dentin gingival margins were elevated with GH, followed by resin composite.

Impact of Metal Particles Released during Ultrasonic Scaling of Titanium Surfaces on Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Purpose: Metal particles found in tissues around dental implants have been proposed to play a pathogenic role in peri-implantitis. Ultrasonic scaling has been suggested as a mechanism by which these particles can be inadvertently released into surrounding tissues. Furthermore, risk factors like diabetes can result in exacerbation of this inflammatory condition.

Surface Roughness of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns Following Simulated Toothbrushing.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of three different brands of prefabricated pediatric zirconia crowns (ZRCs) following simulated toothbrushing with a variety of dentifrices. Ninety-six total maxillary right central incisor prefabricated pediatric ZRCs (n equals 32 ZRCs/brand) were obtained from the manufacturers: Kinder Krowns, NuSmile, and Sprig. ZRCs were equally assigned to dentifrices (n equals eight/dentifrice) with a variety of Relative Dentin Abrasion (RDA) values: Tom's of Maine Children's; Crest Kid's; Prevident 5000; and Crest Pro-Health.

Effect of whitening dentifrices on toothbrush abrasion on composites.

Purpose: To evaluate the laboratory long-term effect of various whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of two brands of resin composite (TPH ST, Filtek Bulk Fill One) using a mechanical toothbrushing simulation.

Methods: Thirty-two samples each of Filtek and TPH were fabricated in ring molds 10 x 1 mm. Samples were randomly grouped (n=8; four groups), according to dentifrice used; Crest 3D, Optic White, Hello (charcoal), and Aim as control.

In-Vitro Cell-Induced Corrosion by Macrophages on Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy.

Background: Patients have received cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) implants for their joint replacement for decades. There have been reports of inflammatory cell-induced corrosion (ICIC) of these implants from retrieval studies. The goal of this study is to see if we could recreate ICIC in vitro and whether electrocautery damage to alloy surfaces may hasten this process.

Effects of NanoAg-ACP Microparticles as Bioactive Fillers on the Mechanical and Remineralization Properties of Dental Resin Cement.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of adding silver-nanoparticle-containing amorphous calcium phosphate microparticles as bioactive fillers into commercially available nonbioactive dental resin cement.

Materials And Methods: Experimental cement was formulated by adding 7.5% silver-nanoparticle-containing amorphous calcium phosphate microparticles to Multilink Automix resin cement (Ivoclar Vivadent).

Staining and whitening products induce color change in resin composites.

Purpose: To evaluate color and gloss changes of three different resin composites after staining and whitening.

Methods: 57 disc-shaped composite samples were made for each of three resin composite materials [Activa BioActive Restorative (Activa), Filtek Supreme (Filtek), and TPH Spectra (TPH)], producing 19 samples per composite (n=19). Each group of resin samples was divided among four solutions: red wine, coffee, tea, and water (control), producing six samples per staining group (n=6) and one control (n=1).

Potential of tailored amorphous multiporous calcium silicate glass for pulp capping regenerative endodontics-A preliminary assessment.

Introduction/objective: The tailored amorphous multi-porous (TAMP) material fabrication technology has led to a new class of bioactive materials possessing versatile characteristics. It has not been tested for dental applications. Thus, we aimed to assess its biocompatibility and ability to regenerate dental mineral tissue.

Color Stability of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns Following Sterilization.

Since pediatric zirconia crowns (ZRCs) are prefabricated, they may be sterilized following try-in for re-use. Possible changes in color stability, gloss, and translucency were evaluated for four brands of prefabricated zirconia crowns following autoclave and cold sterilization. Sixteen maxillary right central incisor prefabricated ZRCs were obtained from NuSmile ®, Sprig, Cheng Crowns, and Kinder Krowns ® manufacturers and either autoclaved or cold sterilized.

Antibacterial Collagen Composite Membranes Containing Minocycline.

Collagen membranes have been used as bioresorbable barrier membranes in guided tissue/bone regeneration. However, the collagen membranes currently used in clinics lack an active antibacterial function, although infection at surgical sites presents a realistic challenge for guided tissue/bone regeneration. In this study, we successfully prepared novel and advanced collagen composite membranes from collagen and complexes of heparin and chelates of minocycline and Ca ions.

Electrocautery Induced Damage of Total Knee Implants.

Background: Pitting damage on implants has been reported and attributed to the use of electrocautery. This study aimed to determine how different total knee arthroplasty bearing surfaces are susceptible to this type of damage and whether surgeons are aware that this damage can occur.

Methods: A survey was sent to Hip and Knee Society members to determine what percentage of adult reconstructive surgeons use electrocautery after implantation of components.

A quantitative and visual examination of sealed restorative specimens following exposure to artificial aging.

Low-viscosity polymer resins, or surface sealants (SSs), have been utilized as a means of finalizing the polishing step following the placement of composite resin restorations. The aim of this study was to measure the surface roughness (R) of composite resins treated with different SSs before and after exposure to an accelerated artificial aging protocol. The study included 5 experimental groups of composite resin discs (TPH Spectra ST) treated with different SSs (PermaSeal, Embrace WetBond Seal-n-Shine, OptiGuard, BisCover LV, and DuraFinish) and a control group consisting of untreated discs (n = 6 per group).

Evaluation of a novel instrument for placement of dental sealants.

Purpose: To evaluate marginal seal, adaptation, surface texture, and bubble presence of pit and fissure sealants when using a novel instrument (C-Shape It) or the manufacturers' supplied applicators for sealant placement into occlusal fissures.

Methods: Extracted molars with occlusal fissures were cleaned with pumice slurry and divided into six groups (n= 10/gp); three treatment and three control. Sealant materials placed included Ultraseal, Delton, and Helioseal.

Antibacterial properties of silver-loaded gelatin sponges prepared with silver diamine fluoride.

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of silver-loaded gelatin sponges prepared from gelatin and silver diamine fluoride, Ag(NH3)2F.

Methods: A series of novel silver-loaded gelatin sponges were prepared from gelatin and silver diamine fluoride. They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

The effect of artificial ultraviolet light on the gloss of composite resin surface sealants.

This study evaluated how exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light affected the gloss of composite resins following application of resin-based surface sealants (SSs). Thirty composite resin discs were fabricated using cylindrical molds and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 SS groups (n = 6 each). Both sides of each disc received a polyester film clear matrix surface finish, and then rotary finishing and polishing procedures were performed on 1 side only.

Effect of Ferrule Location with Varying Heights on Fracture Resistance and Failure Mode of Restored Endodontically Treated Maxillary Incisors.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the location of a partial ferrule on 2 walls and the influence of ferrule height variations on remaining walls, fracture resistance, and failure mode of maxillary incisors endodontically treated and restored with fiber posts.

Materials And Methods: Sixty intact human maxillary central incisors were divided into 6 groups (n = 10): no ferrule (NF), 2-mm ferrule (CF2), absence of lingual wall and 1 proximal wall with remaining walls' height, 1 mm (IF1), 2 mm (IF2), 3 mm (IF3), and 4 mm (IF4). They were restored with a fiberglass post and composite resin core.