Austere Diagnosis and Reduction of Anterior Shoulder Dislocations: 10-Year Review of a Ski Patrol-Based Program with Emergency Medical Technicians.

Introduction: Glenohumeral dislocations present a challenging management dilemma in austere settings where patient transport time may be prolonged. Expeditious reduction is preferable, but treatment is commonly expected to take place within a hospital or comparable facility. Through a novel shoulder injury program, professional ski patrollers trained as emergency medical technicians (EMTs) have diagnosed and reduced anterior shoulder dislocations using biomechanical techniques without sedation or analgesia for over 20 y.

A Demographic and Regional Comparison of Opioid-Related Hospital Visits within Community Type in the United States.

Background: The opioid epidemic is a complex national crisis in the United States with a 400% increase in related deaths over the past two decades with no signs of slowing. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of opioid use, based on the geographic and population characteristics.

Methods: The opioid-related hospital inpatient stays and emergency department visits obtained from the 2010 to 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and demographic confounders, including age, race, education, and income gathered from US Census data were analyzed through generalized linear mixed models and reported by community size and region.

Composition-dependent metallic glass alloys correlate atomic mobility with collective glass surface dynamics.

Glassy metallic alloys are richly tunable model systems for surface glassy dynamics. Here we study the correlation between atomic mobility, and the hopping rate of surface regions (clusters) that rearrange collectively on a minute to hour time scale. Increasing the proportion of low-mobility copper atoms in La-Ni-Al-Cu alloys reduces the cluster hopping rate, thus establishing a microscopic connection between atomic mobility and dynamics of collective rearrangements at a glass surface made from freshly exposed bulk glass.

A qualitative study of how young Scottish smokers living in disadvantaged communities get their cigarettes.

Introduction: Reducing access to cigarettes is an important element of youth smoking prevention strategies. This is particularly so in disadvantaged communities that have high rates of youth smoking. In 2010, Scotland banned proxy sales of tobacco products to under 18-year-olds who were getting older people to purchase cigarettes on their behalf.