Maternal parechovirus A (PeV-A) shedding, serostatus, and the risk of central nervous system PeV-A infections in infants.

Background: Parechovirus A (PeV-A) has emerged as a leading cause of infant central nervous system (CNS) infections. Risk factors associated with infant acquisition of PeV-A are not well understood.

Methods: We conducted prospective PeV-A/enterovirus (EV) CNS infection surveillance, enrolling 461 hospitalized infants <90 days old who underwent sepsis evaluations and lumbar puncture during 2011-2012.

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) occur in as many as 5% of infants, making them the most common benign tumor of infancy. Most IHs are small, innocuous, self-resolving, and require no treatment. However, because of their size or location, a significant minority of IHs are potentially problematic.

Clinical Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Pediatric Hospitalist Practice, a 5-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Hospitalists increasingly serve as the primary physicians for children hospitalized with infections. Consequently, hospitalists frequently interact with institutional antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Understanding how these services interact can inform ongoing practice improvement efforts.

Variability of intensive care management for children with bronchiolitis.

Objective: To determine the extent of variability in testing and treatment of children with bronchiolitis requiring intensive care.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter observational study included 16 academic children's hospitals across the United States during the 2007 to 2010 fall and winter seasons. The study included children<2 years old hospitalized with bronchiolitis who required admission to the ICU and/or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) within 24 hours of admission.

Autonomic molecular transport by polymer films containing programmed chemical potential gradients.

Materials which induce molecular motion without external input offer unique opportunities for spatial manipulation of molecules. Here, we present the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel films containing built-in chemical gradients (enthalpic gradients) to direct molecular transport. Using a cationic tertiary amine gradient, anionic molecules were directionally transported up to several millimeters.

Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

Background: For children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, there is uncertainty about the expected inpatient clinical course and when children are safe for discharge.

Objectives: Examine the time to clinical improvement, risk of clinical worsening after improvement, and develop discharge criteria.

Design: Prospective multiyear cohort study.

Risk factors for requiring intensive care among children admitted to ward with bronchiolitis.

Objective: To examine risk factors for transfer of bronchiolitis patients from the ward to the intensive care unit (ICU) and/or initiation of critical care interventions.

Methods: We performed a 16-center, prospective cohort study of hospitalized children age <2 years with bronchiolitis. During the winters of 2007 to 2010, researchers collected clinical data and nasopharyngeal aspirates from study participants.

Change to a standardized airway clearance protocol for children with bronchiolitis leads to improved care.

Nurses at a pediatric hospital identified the liberal utilization of deep nasopharyngeal (NP) suction as the primary airway clearance modality in young children with bronchiolitis. This invasive practice lacked supporting evidence and a standardized approach. Nurses created an interdisciplinary team to develop a less invasive airway clearance protocol.

Diagnosis and acute management of patients with concussion at children's hospitals.

Objectives: To describe the number of hospital admissions for concussion at paediatric hospitals in the USA. To describe the use of imaging and medications for acute concussion paediatric patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Chemical gradients on graphene to drive droplet motion.

This work demonstrates the production of a well-controlled, chemical gradient on the surface of graphene. By inducing a gradient of oxygen functional groups, drops of water and dimethyl-methylphosphonate (a nerve agent simulant) are "pulled" in the direction of increasing oxygen content, while fluorine gradients "push" the droplet motion in the direction of decreasing fluorine content. The direction of motion is broadly attributed to increasing/decreasing hydrophilicity, which is correlated to high/low adhesion and binding energy.

Decreasing unnecessary utilization in acute bronchiolitis care: results from the value in inpatient pediatrics network.

Background: Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common diagnosis resulting in hospital admission in pediatrics. Utilization of non-evidence-based therapies and testing remains common despite a large volume of evidence to guide quality improvement efforts.

Objective: Our objective was to reduce utilization of unnecessary therapies in the inpatient care of bronchiolitis across a diverse network of clinical sites.

Effect of film thickness on the columnar packing structures of discotic supramolecules in thin films.

The effects of film thickness on the columnar packing structure of discotic supramolecules in a thin supported film have been investigated by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering technique using magnetically aligned cobalt octa(n-decylthio)porphyrazine (CoS10) films on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-functionalized substrates as model systems. Magnetically aligned CoS10 films with a range of film thicknesses (49-845 nm) form uniaxially oriented 'edge-on' columnar superstructures with their columnar directors perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. However, the orientational ordering of the columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field is strongly dependent on the film thickness.

Fabrication of 2D ordered films of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): processing morphology correlations for convective assembly.

Biological colloids, and in particular viruses, have demonstrated substantial potential as scaffolds for nanoparticle arrays. However, the large-area, low-cost, and rapid assembly of viruses, such as by traditional colloidal processing techniques, is not well-established. Systematic exploration of processing space (virus concentration, assembly speed, and substrate surface energy) for the convective assembly method enables the fabrication of films of rod-shaped viruses (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) with a high degree of long-range order.

perpendicular organization of macromolecules: synthesis and alignment studies of a soluble poly(iptycene).

We describe herein a polymeric material that prefers to align perpendicular to a stretch-aligned polymer host in the solid state. Poly(iptycene) poly-1 was synthesized from monomer 1 under hyperbaric techniques via a Diels-Alder polymerization. Polarized excitation spectra of the anthracene end groups in this material in a stretch-aligned, solution-cast poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film showed that the poly(iptycene) prefers to align normal (counter aspect ratio) to the stretching direction of the PVC.

Cations M2(O2CtBu)4+, where M = Mo and W, and MoW(O2CtBu)4+. Theoretical, spectroscopic, and structural investigations.

With the aid of density function theory, the molecular and electronic structures of the molecules Mo2(O2CMe)4, MoW(O2CMe)4, and W2(O2CMe)4 and their single-electron oxidized radical cations have been determined; this includes calculated observables such as v(MM) and the delta --> delta* electronic transition energies. The calculated properties are compared with those for the corresponding pivalates, M2(O2CtBu)4 (M = Mo or W) and MoW(O2CtBu)4 and their radical cations prepared in situ by oxidation with Cp2FePF6. The EPR spectra of the radical cations are also reported.

9,10-Anthracene dicarboxylate bridged complexes with M2 quadruply bonded dimetal units: [[M2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-9,10-An(CO2)2)], where M = Mo or W.

From the reactions between [M2(O2CtBu)4] and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid in toluene, the dicarboxylate bridged complexes [[M2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-9,10An(CO2)2)], have been obtained as microcrystalline yellow (M = Mo) and red (M = W) powders. The powders are soluble in THF forming intense red (M = Mo) and green (M = W) solutions. The electronic absorption spectra in 2-MeTHF have been recorded as a function of temperature (2-298 K) and show a small bathochromic shift on cooling.

On the electron delocalization in the radical cations formed by oxidation of MM quadruple bonds linked by oxalate and perfluoroterephthalate bridges.

Electron paramagnetic resonance, electronic absorption, and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveal that in the oxalate-bridged compounds, [[(tBuCO2)3M2]2(mu-O2CCO2)]+[PF6]-, the unpaired electron is delocalized over four metal centers (M = Mo or W) as a result of M2 delta to bridge pi conjugation, but in the related cationic perfluoroterephthalate-bridged species, the tungsten complex is delocalized and the molybdenum analogue valence trapped.

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of complexes with MM triple and quadruple bonds (M = Mo, W) at 1064 nm by degenerate four-wave mixing.

Measurements of the third-order nonlinear optical responses of solutions of the metal-metal multiply bonded complexes Mo(2)(OPr(i))(6), W(2)(OBu(t))(6), M(2)(NMe(2))(6), M(2)(O(2)CBu(t))(4), and M(2)Cl(4)(PMe(3))(4) (M = Mo, W), using picosecond degenerate four-wave mixing at 1064 nm, are reported. These complexes display only very small instantaneous electronic polarizations when excited with cross-polarized beams. When the excitation beams are similarly polarized, a significant third-order optical response is detected, which is attributable to the formation of bulk thermal excitation gratings.